李亚科果树自交不亲和性机制的研究进展

Advances in research of mechanism of self-incompatibility in fruit trees of subfamily Prunoideae

蔷薇科果树大多具有自交不亲和的特性,它是一种通过雌蕊和花粉的特异性识别防止近亲繁殖的调控机制。自交不亲和有利于维持果树种群的遗传多样性,是果树群体遗传和进化研究中的重要性状。李亚科果树是蔷薇科果树的一个重要分支,包含桃(Prunus persica)、李(P.salicina)、杏(P.armeniaca)、扁桃(P.dulcis)、果梅(P.mume)和中国樱桃(P.pseudocerasus)等树种。李亚科果树在分类上属于S-RNase介导的配子体自交不亲和,S位点至少包括花柱侧特异表达的S-RNase和花粉侧特异表达的F-box基因。本文综述了李亚科果树S决定因子的发现、花粉及花柱的分子识别机制以及自交亲和性突变体的研究进展,以期能够阐明李亚科果树授粉的分子机制,为李亚科果树分子育种提供理论基础。

Most fruit trees in the Rosaceae family are characterized by self-incompatibility,a regulatory mechanism that prevents inbreeding through specific recognition of pistils and pollen.Self-incompatibility helps to maintain genetic diversity in fruit tree populations and is an important trait in studying the genetics and evolution of fruit tree populations.The fruit trees of Prunoideae are an important branch of the fruit trees of the family Rosaceae,containing species such as peach(Prunus persica),plum(P.salicina),apricot(P.armeniaca),lentil(P.dulcis),fruit plum(P mume)and Chinese cherry(P.pseudocerasus).Fruit trees of Plumiaceae are taxonomically classified as S-RNase-mediated gametophytic self-incompatibility,with the S locus comprising at least the S-RNase specifically expressed on the style side and the F-box gene described explicitly on the pollen side.This paper reviewed the discovery of S-determinants,the molecular recognition mechanism of pollen and style,and the progress of self-compatible mutants in Plumiaceae,with a view to elucidating the molecular mechanism of pollination in prunus and providing a theoretical basis forthe molecularbreeding of Plumiaceae.