孕前体质量指数与婴儿膳食添加种类对子代生长发育的影响

The effects of pre pregnancy body mass index and types of complementary foods added to infants on the growth and development of offspring

目的探讨母亲孕前BMI和膳食添加种类对0~2岁婴幼儿生长发育的影响,为临床指导科学妊娠提供数据参考。方法选取2022年1月至2023年6月在苏州市第九人民医院建卡的490例孕妇,收集其建卡时体质量及身高,并计算孕前BMI,将母亲孕前BMI分成消瘦组(BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2))、正常组(18.5 kg/m^(2)≤BMI≤23.9 kg/m^(2))和超重/肥胖组(BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)),门诊追踪分娩后婴幼儿保健信息,采用Z评分法进行营养状况评价。收集6~8月龄婴儿膳食添加种类情况,根据膳食添加种类分为不符合组(膳食添加种类<4种)和符合组(膳食添加种类≥4种),并在其1、6、12、24月龄评估生长发育情况,分别比较各组婴幼儿生长发育的关系。结果母亲不同孕前BMI值对子代生长发育影响有统计学差异(P<0.05),母亲孕前BMI越高,子代WAZ、HAZ、WHZ越大;不同膳食添加种类对子代生长发育的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),膳食添加种类≥4种组子代WAZ、WHZ更高。母亲孕前BMI和膳食添加种类对子代生长发育的影响无明显交互效应(P>0.05)。结论母亲孕前BMI与婴儿膳食添加种类对子代生长发育有独立影响作用。

ABSTRACTTObjective To explore the effects of maternal pre pregnancy BMI and dietary additives on the growth and development of infants and young children aged o-2,and provide data reference for clinical guidance of scientific pregnancy.Methods 490 pregnant women who registered at Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected.Their weight and height at the time of registration were collected,and their pre pregnancy BMI was calculated.The mother's pre pregnancy BMI was divided into a lean group(BMI<18.5 kg/m²),a normal group(18.5 kg/m²≤BMI≤23.9 kg/m),and an overweight/obese group(BMI≥24 kg/m’).Outpatient follow-up information on infant and toddler health after delivery was conducted,and the nutritional status was evaluated using the Z-score method.Collect information on the types of dietary supplements for infants aged 6-8 months,divide them into non compliant groups(dietary supplements<4 types)and compliant groups(dietary supplements≥4 types)based on the types of dietary supplements,and evaluate their growth and development at 1,6,12,and 24 months of age.Compare the relationship between the growth and development of infants in each group.Results The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference(P<0.05)in the impact of maternal pre pregnancy BMI values on the growth and development of offspring.The higher the maternal pre pregnancy BMI,the greater the offspring's WAZ,HAZ,and WHZ.There was a statistically significant difference(P<0.05)in the effects of different dietary additives on the growth and development of offspring.The group with≥4 dietary additives had higher WAZ and WHZ in offspring.There was no significant interaction effect(P>0.05)between maternal pre pregnancy BMI and dietary supplementation on the growth and development of offspring.Conclusion Maternal pre pregnancy BMI and types of infant dietary supplements have independent effects on the growth and development of offspring.