中国技术创业时空演化及影响因素研究

Research on the spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of technological entrepreneurship in China

技术创业对新产业的培育及经济财富的创造发挥着日益关键的作用。本文以高新技术新创企业为表征的技术创业作为研究对象,运用标准椭圆差、空间自相关、空间计量模型等研究方法对2008-2020年中国技术创业的时空演化特征及其影响因素进行挖掘。研究发现:(1)中国高新技术新创企业数量呈指数型扩张,技术创业能力不断提升,表现为三大城市群为核心、长江经济带为发展轴的“T”字型发展格局;(2)城市技术创业能力呈现出显著的正向空间相关性,高―高集聚区和低―高集聚区分布在三大城市群,并且区域联动作用较强,高―低集聚区主要是中西部重要省会城市,低―低集聚区为集中连片式分布的广大西部地区;(3)中国技术创业存在显著的正向空间溢出效应,邻近省份技术创业能力的提升有助于提升该省份的技术创业能力。此外,创新环境水平、知识创造水平和创新绩效水平对省域技术创业能力有着显著的促进作用,而知识获取水平则具有显著抑制作用。本研究拓宽了技术创业的研究范围,从省域和市域尺度描绘了技术创业空间演化特征,有助于完善技术创业的空间理论。基于研究结论,文章为政府因地制宜、科学引导技术创业发展提供了建议。

Technological entrepreneurship is playing an increasingly critical role in the cultivation of new industries and creation of economic wealth.Based on the number of high-tech start-ups,this paper used the multiple research methods,such as standard elliptic difference,spatial autocorrelation and spatial econometric model,to explore the temporal-spatial evolution and determi-nants of technological entrepreneurship in China from 2008 to 2020.The results showed that:(1)the number of high-tech start-ups in China is expanding exponentially,and the technological entrepreneurship ability is constantly improving,which is manifes-ted in the"T"structures with the three major urban agglomerations as the core and the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the de-velopment axis;(2)technological entrepreneurship shows significantly positive spatial correlation:the"high-high"agglomera-tion zone and the"low-high"agglomeration zone distributed in three urban agglomeration and regional linkage effect is stronger,and the"high-low"agglomeration zone mainly distributed in the midwest important provincial capital cities,while the"low-low"agglomeration zone distributed in the western regions;(3)there is a significant positive spatial spillover effect,which indicates that technological entrepreneurship is heavily affected by the surrounding areas,and the higher the technological entrepreneurial ability in surrounding areas,the more active technological entrepreneurial activities can be found in the local;and(4)innova-tion environment,knowledge creation and innovation performance all significantly improve the provincial technological entrepre-neurship ability,while knowledge acquisition significantly inhibits technological entrepreneurship ability.Based on these conclu-sions,we also discussed the effective measures for government at all levels to boost technological entrepreneurship.