聚合酶链反应在医学检验中的应用进展

Application progress of polymerase chain reaction in medical examination

聚合酶链反应又被称为扩增体外基因技术,属于临床应用较多的一种体外扩增DNA技术,其具有临床操作简便、特异性强、敏感度高以及得出结果快速等特点。在医学技术高速发展的背景下,聚合酶链反应已经成为了疾病诊断的一种常用技术,是研究、监测和鉴定标本中DNA片段的一种重要的方式和方法,具有较高的临床应用价值。聚合酶链反应的基本工作原理是模拟体内DNA的自然复制,引物以碱基配对原则与DNA模板相互补与结合,形成了与模板DNA有着互补关系的DNA链,在实际临床检验操作中对实验室、操作人员均有着一定的要求,随着医学技术的发展其在临床上的应用日益广泛,目前已经应用于寄生虫、病毒、肿瘤基因、细菌以及遗传病检验的过程中,获得了一定的应用效果。本文就聚合酶链反应在医学诊断中的应用进展进行综述,以期为疾病的临床诊断提供参考。

Polymerase chain reaction,also known as in vitro gene amplification technology,belongs to a kind of in vitro DNA amplification technology which is widely used in clinical practice.It has characteristics such as simple clinical operation,strong specificity,high sensitivity and rapid results.In the context of rapid development of medical technology,polymerase chain reaction has become a common technique for disease diagnosis,which is an important way and method for the study,monitoring and identification of DNA fragments in samples,and has high clinical application value.The basic working principle of polymerase chain reaction is to simulate the natural replication of DNA in vivo.Primers complement and combine with the DNA template based on the principle of base pairing to form a DNA chain that is complementary relationship to the template DNA.In practical clinical test operation,there are certain requirements for laboratories and operators.With the development of medical technology in its clinical application is more widely,has been applied to the parasites,viruses,tumor gene,bacteria and genetic disease in the process of inspection,obtained the certain application effect.This article reviews the application progress of polymerase chain reaction in medical diagnosis,in order to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis of diseases.