基于数字化平台预约需求系统的供应链解耦点最优决策研究

Research on Optimal Decision of Supply Chain Customer Order Decoupling Point on Digital Advance Demand Information

数字化平台预约需求信息采集系统(DADI)作为逐渐受到实业界关注的数字化技术之一,对供应链上下游的运营优化产生了积极的影响。预约需求信息采集功能将传统的库存/订单推拉模式转化为库存/预约推拉模式,通过获取客户承诺提前期缩短了客户等待时间,降低供需不匹配现象,改变了传统供应链解耦点的位置决策方式,同时,数字化平台企业促进了终端市场订单需求信息的快速共享,避免了信息逐层向上反馈造成的时滞性和长尾效应。因此,本文探索了DADI系统优化供应链解耦点决策过程的影响机理。第一,本文推导出承诺提前期和库存相互依赖且共同影响企业利润水平的作用机制;第二,计算得到承诺提前期成本阈值点,该阈值点不仅影响供应商选择预约驱动或库存驱动策略,同时也影响供应链解耦点位置;第三,推导出单位库存持有成本、延迟订货成本、客户需求不确定性等因素对解耦点位置的影响情况;第四,对比分析了DADI系统、ADI系统以及传统模式下供应链整体利润水平和解耦点位置的差异性。本文还对相关参数做了敏感性分析,并通过数值算例验证了模型结果的有效性。

As one of the digital technologies that are gradually concerned by the industry,the digital platform Advance Demand Information system(DADI)has a positive impact on the operation optimization of the supply chain.The advance demand information collection function transforms the traditional inventory/order pushpull mode into the inventory/advance push-pull mode.By obtaining customer commitment lead time,it shortens the waiting time of customers,reduces the mismatch between supply and demand,and changes the position decision-making mode of traditional supply chain decoupling point.At the same time,the digital platform enterprises promote the rapid sharing of order demand information in the terminal market,and avoid the time lag and long tail effect of information feedback layer by layer to the upstream.Therefore,the mechanism of decision making of customer order decoupling point in supply chain optimization of DADI system is explored.Firstly,the mechanism is deduced that commitment lead time and inventory depend on each other and jointly affect the enterprise's profit.Secondly,the commitment lead time cost threshold is calculated.The threshold not only affects the supplier's choice of appointment driven or inventory driven strategy,but also affects the decoupling point position of the supply chain.Thirdly,the influence of unit inventory holding cost,delayed order cost,customer demand uncertainty and other factors on the decoupling point position is deduced.Fourth,the difference of the profit and CODP position of the supply chain is compared under the DADI system,ADI system and traditional model.Finally,sensitivity analysis of the relatively important factors is also conducted,and numerical example is carried out to demonstrate the correctness of the conclusion.