基于ABC-X模型的育龄期HIV/AIDS患者生育忧虑的质性研究

Qualitative research on reproductive concerns among patients with HIV/AIDS of childbearing age:insights from the ABC-X model

目的 在ABC-X模型的指导下,解析育龄期HIV/AIDS患者的生育忧虑,为医疗及护理干预育龄期HIV/AIDS患者的生育忧虑提供参考依据。方法 采用现象学研究的目的选样法,对成都市某三甲传染病专科医院的12名育龄期HIV/AIDS患者进行面对面半结构化访谈,运用主题分析法对访谈资料进行分析、归纳和提炼主题。结果分析中出现了3个主要主题:生育忧虑产生的原因、生育忧虑的表现、生育忧虑的影响。生育忧虑产生的原因包括3个副主题:生育问题让患者倍感压力、个人拥有的资源难以应对生育问题、对生育问题的错误认知;生育忧虑的表现包括5个副主题:对个人健康的担忧、对疾病传播及后果的担忧、对孕前/孕期干预措施的担忧、对歧视和偏见的担忧、对照护能力的担忧;生育忧虑的影响包括2个副主题:加重患者的负性情绪、破坏家庭的和谐关系。结论 育龄期HIV/AIDS患者容易产生生育忧虑,进而影响其身心健康,建议医务人员重视生育忧虑,积极采取措施干预。

Objective The ABC-X model was utilized to explore the reproductive concerns of patients with HIV/AIDS of childbearing age, aiming to offer a reference for medical and nursing interventions targeting reproductive issues in this group. Methods By employing the purposive sampling method in phenomenological research, semi-structured,and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 patients with HIV/AIDS of childbearing age at a tertiary infectious diseases hospital in Chengdu City. The interview data were subjected to thematic analysis to extract and refine key themes.Results Three primary themes emerged from the analysis: the causes of reproductive concerns, the manifestations of reproductive concerns, and the impact of reproductive concerns. The causes of reproductive concerns included three subthemes: reproductive concerns led to stress in patients, difficulty in coping with reproductive concerns using personal resources, and misconceptions about fertility problems. The manifestations of reproductive concerns encompass five subthemes: concern for personal health, concern over the spread and implications of the disease, anxiety regarding prepregnancy/pregnancy interventions, fear of discrimination and prejudice, and apprehension about caregiving capabilities.The impact of these reproductive concerns manifests through two sub-themes: intensification of patients' negative emotions and disturbance of familial harmony. Conclusions Patients with HIV/AIDS of childbearing age are prone to reproductive concerns, which can affect their physical and mental health. Healthcare professionals are recommended to pay attention to reproductive concerns of such patients and actively implement interventional measures.