《中华人民共和国生物安全法》实施背景下我国生物技术和人类遗传资源的伦理问题

Ethical issues of biotechnology and human genetic resources in China under the background of the implementation of the Biosecurity Law of the People's Republic of China

随着生物技术的发展,特别是基因编辑技术的成熟与应用,而引发的生物技术和人类遗传资源相关伦理问题越来越多,我国对生物技术发展所带来的伦理问题也愈发关注和重视,2020年10月17日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十二次会议通过了《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》),并自2021年4月15日起施行。《生物安全法》对我国相关专业人员的伦理意识教育、对生物技术研发的伦理审查、人类遗传资源和生物资源的主权及其采集、保藏、利用、对外提供等方面均提出了明确要求。本文概述了《生物安全法》对我国生物技术研发与应用以及人类遗传资源的利用等方面的伦理要求,并以“基因编辑婴儿”等事件为例,阐述了《生物安全法》实施背景下我国生物技术和人类遗传资源的伦理问题,以提高国家生物安全治理能力。

With the development of biotechnology,especially the maturity and application of gene editing technology,more and more ethical issues related to biotechnology and human genetic resources have emerged.China has also paid increasing attention to the ethical issues brought about by the development of biotechnology.On October 17,2020,the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress officially enacted the'Biosecurity Law of the People's Republic of China'(hereinafter referred to as the'Biosecurity Law'),which has been implemented since April 15,2021.The'Biosecurity Law'puts forward clear requirements for the ethical education of relevant professionals in China,ethical review of biotechnology research and development,sovereignty over human genetic resources and biological resources,and their collection,preservation,utilization,and provision to foreign countries.This article outlined the ethical requirements of the'Biosecurity Law'for China's biotechnology research and application as well as the utilization of human genetic resources,and used events such as'gene-edited babies'as examples to illustrate the ethical issues of biotechnology and human genetic resources in China under the implementation of the'Biosecurity Law',in order to enhance the country's capacity for biosecurity governance.