鳞片仿生制动盘散热性能研究

Research on Heat Dissipation of Bionic Brake Disc of Ginkgo Leaf Veins for High-speed Trains

制动技术是影响列车提速的重要因素,制动盘散热能力是提高高速列车运行速度的重要参数。为了从结构上改善制动盘的散热能力,降低制动盘工作温度和热应力,结合仿生学,以鳞片为仿生原型,设计两种具有新结构的仿生制动盘。对比传统直辐板制动盘,使用流体仿真软件模拟不同制动盘内流场情况,进而采用热机耦合方法,计算300 km/h初速度一次紧急制动工况下的制动盘温度及热应力结果。结果表明,新型鳞片仿生制动盘能加速制动盘内空气流通,提高制动过程中的对流换热系数;并降低制动盘的工作温度以及热应力,在一定程度上减小热载荷对于制动盘的影响。

Braking technology is an important factor affecting the speed of trains,and the heat dissipation ability of brake disc is an important parameter to improve the speed of high-speed trains.In order to improve the heat dissipation ability of the brake disc and reduce the temperature and thermal stress of the brake disc during the braking process,two kinds of bionic brake discs with new structures are designed by taking scales as bionic prototypes.Use fluid simulation software to compare the flow field in different brake discs and then use the thermo-mechanical coupling method to calculate the temperature and thermal stress results of brake discs under the initial speed of 300 km/h in once emergency braking condition.The results show that the new scale bionic brake discs can accelerate the air flow in the brake disc and improve the convective heat transfer coefficient during the braking process.Then the working temperature and thermal stress of the brake disc are also reduced by the new biomimetic structure.To a certain extent,the influence of thermal load on the brake disc is reduced.