傣雅语中汉语借词长短复合元音的匹配与感知模式

The Adaptation and Perception of Diphthongs of Chinese Loanwords in Daiya

内部音变会相应地引发语言接触中匹配规则的改变。漠沙傣雅语中复合元音/a:i/-/ai:/对立的感知凸显线索由时长比例转向共振峰,/a:u/-/au:/的对立趋于消失。在借人汉语词汇时,傣语母语者用/a:i/匹配汉语的/ai/;而/au/韵母的匹配存在分歧和变异,中老年人主要用/au:/匹配,有一定的声母条件,但年轻人越来越多地匹配为/a:u/,感知实验结果也佐证了这一趋势。随着双语/多语个体汉语习得程度的提升,借词的语音适应模式由基于音值相似的多对一匹配,逐渐趋近与目标语音类的一一对应。不同接触阶段影响匹配策略的主要因素也存在差异,接触初期借词的匹配基本忠实于感知,而后结构因素的作用越来越明显。

The alteration of salient perceptual cues(SPC)within the inherent phonological system of a language can directly influence the corresponding adaptation rules in language contact.The SPC of/a:i/-/ai:/contrast is transitioning from duration ratios to formants,while the/a:u/-/au:/contrast appears to be diminishing.When borrowing Chinese words into the language of Daiya,native speakers employ/a:i/to match Chinese/ai/,whereas variations and divergences exist in the adaptation of Chinese/au/rhyme.According to the results of perception experiments,the elders predominantly choose/au:/based on specific initial conditions,while the younger generation leans towards/a:u/.With the improvement of the bilingual/multilingual proficiency,the mechanism of loanword adaptation shifts from phonetic approximation to phonological correspondence.Initially,perception serves as the primary determinant in this process,but over time,the role of structural elements becomes increasingly significant.