汉语口语分裂句的语用功能

The Pragmatic Functions of the Cleft Construction in Spoken Chinese

本文根据从真实对话中转录下来的大量口语现象,尝试解释当代汉语口语的一种新产生的重要语法现象,其结构为一个完整句子之后出现了一个新的句法位置,论证它们代表一种新兴的句型,表达密切关联的四种语用功能一一疑问、焦点、强调和感叹。文章还通过大规模的统计,来说明这种构式的各种语用功能的不同使用概率。句末之后这一位置只允许一个句法成分出现,且与分裂小句形成一个完整的语调,不论在形式上还是功能上都有别于通常所说的追加语等。此外,我们还通过与古汉语和其他语言的对比,加深理解这种新产生的句法现象的语法特征和语用功能。

Based on a substantial amount of spoken language phenomena transcribed from real conversations,this article describes and analyzes a new and significant grammatical phenomenon in contemporary spoken Chinese.This phenomenon is structured as a new syntactic position following a complete sentence,demonstrating that it represents an emerging sentence pattern that conveys four closely related pragmatic functionsquestion,focus,emphasis,and exclamation.The article also presents extensive statistical data to illustrate the varying usage probabilities of these pragmatic functions in this construction.The position at the end of the sentence only allows for one syntactic component,which forms a complete intonation with the split clause,distinguishing it both formally and functionally from conventional appended phrases.Additionally,by drawing comparisons with ancient Chinese and other languages,we deepen the understanding of the grammatical features and pragmatic functions of this newly emerged syntacticphenomenon.