再探美坝白语体标记的语法特点

A Further Investigation on Aspect Markers in Meiba Bai

美坝白语中有多个表达体意义的语法形式,xω^(55)和tω^(44)都能表达动作事件的完成义,而tcie^(31)可以表达动作状态的持续。三个体标记都加在动词后,它们并非补语,但语法化程度也不高。本文细致探讨了三者和动词的搭配规律以及分布环境,结合它们所表达的语义,分别称之为:完结体(-xω^(55))、结果体(-tω^(44))、新持续体(-tcis^(31))。以上三个体标记关注的都是动作事件的发展阶段,可统称为阶段体,体现了白语对事件的不同发展阶段进行范畴化的特点。

Meiba Bai features several aspect markers,including xω^(55)and tω^(44),which convey the sense of completed actions,and teie',indicating the continuous state of an action.All three aspect markers are postverbal,not functioning as complements,nor exhibiting a high level of grammaticalization.This paper thoroughly investigates the collocation patterns of these aspect markers with verbs and their distributional environments.Based on their semantic functions,they are respectively labeled as completive(-xω^(55)),resultative(-tω^(44)),and young continuous(-teie^(31)).Indicating phases of events,these aspect markers collectively fall under the category of phasal aspect,reflecting Meiba Bai's distinct categorization of different stages in the development of events.