基于Y系列不对称小分子受体材料的研究进展

Research progress on asymmetric Y-series small-molecule acceptor materials

近年来,高效的小分子受体材料(small-molecule acceptors, SMAs)的设计和性能研究方面所取得的进步,使得有机太阳能电池(organic solar cells, OSCs)领域取得了快速发展,有望替代传统硅基太阳能电池在一些细分领域得到应用.在众多的OSC小分子受体材料中,具有A-DA’D-A (D和A分别指电子给体和受体单元)型结构的不对称稠环小分子受体材料因其优异的光伏性能备受人们关注,其具有更大的偶极矩和更强的分子间相互作用,有利于分子堆积及增强电子迁移率,这类材料的光电转换效率最高已经突破19%.本综述聚焦于不对称稠环小分子的分子结构(包括端基、中心核以及侧链)的设计及晶体结构方面,总结了基于Y系列的不对称稠环型小分子受体的研究进展.通过分子结构-材料性能-光伏性能之间的构效关系总结,为开发高性能的不对称稠环小分子受体材料提供一种分子设计策略.

Recently,the progress in the design and application of efficient small molecule acceptors(SMAs)has led to rapid development of organic solar cells(OsCs),which is expected to become an alternative solution for the traditional silicon-based solar cells.Among numerous SMAs,asymmetric strategy by introducing asymmetric structures on terminal groups,central core and/or side-chains has attracted much attention due to their unique properties,such as larger dipole moment and stronger intermolecular interactions,which are conducive to molecular stacking and enhanced electron mobility.The power conversion efficiencies of such materials have exceeded 19%.This review focuses on the design and crystal structures of asymmetric polycyclic small molecules,including those made on end groups,core backbones,and side chains.It summarizes the research progress of asymmetric strategy made on the Y series and attempts to establish the structure-property relationship between molecular structure,material properties,and photovoltaic properties,providing a reasonable molecular design strategy for the development of high-performance asymmetric Y-series SMAs.We believe that more asymmetric SMAs with excellent performance will be designed in the nearfuture.