铁路客站屋盖结构传感器优化布置关键技术及软件开发研究

Research on key Technology and Software Development of Optimal Sensor Placement for Roof Structure in Railway Passenger Station

合理的传感器布设是站房结构健康监测的前提,也是响应信息精准采集的关键。针对既有传感器应变测点位置模糊、布设方法缺失等问题,以规范条文及模型分析结果为依据,基于Python语言编译并开发了铁路客站屋盖传感器优化布置程序。该程序旨在通过自定义限值筛选及智能优化算法,辅助工程人员更加高效地实现动、静态传感器的筛选及优化布置,避免传感器布置冗余造成的信号干扰及成本浪费,最大程度提高结构响应的覆盖率和灵敏度。研究结果表明:(1)该程序可直观显示需要应变监测的杆件,并清晰展示测点沿杆件方向的位置及其在构件截面的具体坐标,解决传统布设方式应变监测点模糊的问题;(2)基于粒子群优化算法及最小模态置信准则原理的加速度传感器布设方式,提高了测点布置的合理性和科学性,弥补了以经验为主导的传感器布置方法的不足;(3)该程序操作界面简单,在满足工程人员对监测点布设方案制定需求的基础上,提高了传感器筛选优化的效率。

Reasonable sensor placement is the premise of station structure health monitoring and the key to obtaining accurate response information.Aiming at the issues such as the fuzzy positioning of the existing sensor strain monitoring points and the lack of placement method,a Python-based optimal sensor placement program for railway station roofs is compiled and developed based on the regulations and model analysis results.The purpose of this program is to assist engineers in more efficiently screening and optimizing the placement of dynamic and static sensors through customized screening limits and intelligent optimization algorithms,thereby avoiding signal interference and cost wastage caused by redundant sensor arrangements and maximizing the coverage and sensitivity of structural response.The results indicate that this program can display the strain monitoring points visually,and clearly show the position of the measuring point along the member direction and its specific coordinates on the member cross section.The issue of fuzzy strain monitoring points in the traditional placement method is effectively solved.Secondly,the program improves the rationality and science of measuring placement and makes up for the shortage of acceleration sensor placement based on experience by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm and minimize modal assurance criterion.Thirdly,the program with a simple operation interface improves the efficiency of sensor screening optimization,meeting the requirements of engineers for the placement of monitoring points.