以高产优质稳产为目标的‘徐香’猕猴桃不同生长期叶片营养诊断研究

Leaf Nutrient Diagnosis of‘Xuxiang’Kiwifruit at Different Growth Stages for Achieving High and Stable Yield and High Quality

在陕西关中地区‘徐香’猕猴桃20个典型果园,2020年于果实发育后期,2021年于展叶期、果实膨大期和果实发育后期,测定共114份叶片样品元素含量,并于果实商品采收期测定果实产量、品质和树势相关指标,基于优质、高产、稳产评价,对叶片元素进行3种营养诊断:诊断施肥综合法(DRIS)、适宜值偏差百分数法(DOP)和组分营养诊断法(CND),并利用概率分级法(适宜范围法的衍生法)建立叶片元素适宜范围,为生产上‘徐香’猕猴桃养分资源周年管理提供科学依据。结果表明,不同生长期叶片的元素含量差异显著,且与果实产量、品质和树势均相关。利用CND拐点值法分别建立叶片元素分析参数与产量、品质综合得分和树势的函数关系,据此从114个样本中筛选到14个高效群体。利用高效群体计算参比值,并对剩余100个低效群体进行DRIS、DOP和CND诊断,结果表明,低效群体展叶期Ca和Fe缺乏,Mn、Cl和P过量;果实膨大期N和Ca缺乏,Mg和Cl过量;果实发育后期Ca缺乏,Cl、Mn和N过量。利用概率分级法建立的‘徐香’猕猴桃叶片元素适宜范围为:展叶期N 35~40、P 3.0~3.8、K 21~26、Ca 15~20、Mg 2.5~3.0和Cl 3.0~4.5 g·kg^(-1),Fe 100~180、Mn 50~80、Cu 14~20、Zn 21~30和B 32~45 mg·kg^(-1);果实膨大期N 29~35、P 1.4~1.8、K 9~16、Ca 37~44、Mg 6.0~7.8和Cl 3.5~5.5 g·kg^(-1),Fe 175~250、Mn 85~200、Cu 8.5~15.0、Zn 15~30和B 55~85 mg·kg^(-1);果实发育后期N 20~24、P 1.3~1.7、K 7~14、Ca 42~51、Mg 7~9和Cl 3~5 g·kg^(-1),Fe 180~250、Mn 80~160、Cu 7~12、Zn 20~45和B 52~67 mg·kg^(-1)。

A total of 114 leaf samples from 20‘Xuxiang’kiwifruit orchards in central Shaanxi Province were analyzed for element concentration at the late fruit development stage in 2020,and at three stages of the leaf expansion,fruit enlargement and late fruit development in 2021.Based on the leaf norm values developed by high and stable yield and high quality,the leaf nutrient status was diagnosed using three methods:diagnosis and recommendation integrated system(DRIS),deviation from optimum percentage(DOP),and compositional nutrient diagnosis(CND).Additionally,probability grading method,one derivative method of sufficiency range method,was used to determine the sufficient range of leaf elements for‘Xuxiang’kiwifruit.This study provides a scientific basis for annual nutrient resource management in‘Xuxiang’kiwifruit production.The results indicated that leaf element concentration was significantly different between various growth stages,and there were significant correlations between leaf element concentration and fruit yield,fruit quality as well as vine growth performance.Fourteen samples were selected as high-productivity populations from 114 samples,based on the functional relationships between leaf element analytic parameter and fruit yield,comprehensive fruit quality score as well as vine growth performance,established by CND cutoff method.The results from DRIS,DOP and CND indicated that,the remaining 100 leaf samples of low-productivity populations were deficient in Ca and Fe but excessive in Mn,Cl and P during the leaf expansion stage,deficient in N and Ca but excessive in Mg and Cl at the fruit enlargement stage,and deficient in Ca but excessive in Cl,Mn and N at the late fruit development stage.The sufficient ranges of leaf elements in‘Xuxiang’kiwifruit were developed using probability grading method:at the leaf expansion stage,N 35–40 g•kg^(-1),P 3.0–3.8 g•kg^(-1),K 21–26 g•kg^(-1),Ca 15–20 g•kg^(-1),Mg 2.5–3.0 g•kg^(-1),Cl 3.0–4.5 g•kg^(-1),Fe 100–180 mg•kg^(-1),Mn 50–80 mg•kg^(-1),Cu 14–20 mg•kg^(-1),Zn 21–30 mg•kg^(-1) and B 32–45 mg•kg^(-1);at the fruit enlargement stage,N 29–35 g•kg^(-1),P 1.4–1.8 g•kg^(-1),K 9–16 g•kg^(-1),Ca 37–44 g•kg^(-1),Mg 6.0–7.8 g•kg^(-1),Cl 3.5–5.5 g•kg^(-1),Fe 175–250 mg•kg^(-1),Mn 85–200 mg•kg^(-1),Cu 8.5–15.0 mg•kg^(-1),Zn 15–30 mg•kg^(-1) and B 55–85 mg•kg^(-1);at the late fruit development stage,N 20–24 g•kg^(-1),P 1.3–1.7 g•kg^(-1),K 7–14 g•kg^(-1),Ca 42–51 g•kg^(-1),Mg 7–9 g•kg^(-1),Cl 3–5 g•kg^(-1),Fe 180–250 mg•kg^(-1),Mn 80–160 mg•kg^(-1),Cu 7–12 mg•kg^(-1),Zn 20–45 mg•kg^(-1) and B 52–67 mg•kg^(-1).