自噬在种植体周炎中的作用研究进展

Research progress on the role of autophagy in peri-implantitis

种植体周炎是一种由菌斑微生物、创伤等因素引起的种植体周软硬组织炎症性病损,其特征为种植体周围的黏膜炎症,并伴有支持骨丧失,严重时可导致种植体松动或脱落。目前,种植体周炎已成为口腔种植手术后常见的生物学并发症,了解其发病机制对于该疾病的临床预防和治疗至关重要。自噬是一种高度保守的溶酶体降解程序,与骨免疫、微生物感染、组织炎症及再生等生物学过程密切相关。通过这一程序,细胞能够消化胞内蛋白及细胞器,从而实现自我更新或适应环境变化。不足或过度激活的自噬可能会导致血管内皮细胞、中性粒细胞、牙龈成纤维细胞、上皮细胞、巨噬细胞、成骨细胞及破骨细胞的功能失调,且这些细胞在炎症状态下的生理学改变与种植体周炎的发生和发展密切相关,提示自噬在种植体周炎中可能发挥重要作用。文章从细胞学角度就自噬在种植体周炎的发生发展过程中的潜在作用做一综述,以期为预防和治疗种植体周炎提供潜在靶点及研究思路。

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory lesion of the soft and hard tissues surrounding implants,caused by factors such as microbial plaque and occlusal trauma.Its features include mucosal inflammation around the implant,accompanied by bone loss,which could lead to implant instability or loss.Currently,peri-implantitis has become a common biological complication following implant surgery,and understanding its pathogenesis is crucial for clinical prevention and treatment of the disease.Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation process associated with biological processes such as bone immunity,microbial infection,inflammation and regeneration.Through this process,cells could digest intracellular proteins and organelles,thereby achieving self-renewal or adapting to environmental changes.Insufficient or excessive activation of autophagy could lead to dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells,neutrophils,gingival fibroblasts,epithelial cells,macrophages,osteoblasts and osteoclasts.The physiological changes in these cells under inflammatory conditions are related to the occurrence and development of peri-implantitis,suggesting that autophagy might play an important role in peri-implantitis.This article provides a review from a cellular perspective on the potential role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and progression of peri-implantitis,aiming to provide potential targets and research directions for the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis.