论行政诉讼原告的确定

On the Determination of Plaintiff in Administrative Litigation

行政诉讼原告资格是行政诉讼程序中的首要问题,关乎到当事人能否合理有效启动行政诉讼程序。然而,《行政诉讼法》对行政诉讼原告资格的规定不清,亟需加以明确。本文从行政诉讼原告资格的概念入手,探讨了国内外行政诉讼原告资格的历史发展,比较了合法权益、法律上的利害关系、利害关系、诉的利益之内涵,并对行政诉讼原告资格的认定条件以及不同种类的行政诉讼中原告资格的判定进行分析。认定行政起诉人是否具有原告资格,不仅需审查利害关系,还需判断是否存在可诉行政行为,是否起诉人自己值得保护的权益受到了侵害,权利受到损害与被诉的具体行政行为是否具有因果关系。原告资格在不同类型的行政诉讼中的判断方法也有所不同。对于行政诉讼的相对人,应当然具备行政诉讼原告资格,对于其他与行政诉讼有利害关系的公民、法人、或其他组织,应该借助利害关系标准判断其与行政行为是否具有利害关系,判断其是否具备主观公权。

The qualification of the plaintiff in administrative litigation is the primary issue in administrative litigation procedures,which is related to whether the parties can reasonably and effectively initiate administrative litigation procedures.However,the provisions on the qualifications of plaintiffs in administrative litigation in the Administrative Litigation Law are unclear and urgently need to be clarified.This article starts with the concept of plaintiff qualification in administrative litigation,explores the historical development of plaintiff qualification in administrative litigation at home and abroad,compares the connotations of legitimate rights and interests,legal interests,interests,and litigation interests,and analyzes the conditions for determining plaintiff qualification in administrative litigation and the determination of plaintiff qualification in different types of administrative litigation.To determine whether the administrative plaintiff has the qualifications of a plaintiff,it is not only necessary to examine the interests,but also to determine whether there is an actionable administrative act,whether the plaintiff’s own rights and interests that are worthy of protection have been infringed,and whether the infringement of rights has a causal relationship with the specific administrative act being sued.The determination method of plaintiff qualification varies in different types of administrative litigation.For the counterparties in administrative litigation,they should naturally have the qualification of administrative litigation plaintiffs.For other citizens,legal persons,or other organizations with interests in administrative litigation,they should use the interest standard to determine whether they have an interest in administrative actions and whether they have subjective public power.