用益物权制度的现代化

Modernisation of the Usufruct System

我国的用益物权制度是在与我国现实国情相结合的实践中,形成的独具中国特色的用益物权制度。在新时代,我国法治现代化在民法方面最重要、最明显的体现就是《民法典》的颁布和施行。我国进入了民法典时代,也标志着我国用益物权制度的完善进入新时代和新篇章。《民法典》物权编对原有的用益物权规范进行了适当的修正,并且创设了新的规范。物权编强调物的利用关系的独立地位,扩大了用益物权的客体范围,构建起了中国特色的用益物权制度。用益物权的现代化有力地推进了中国民法法治化进程,拓展中国法治现代化新道路。但用益物权的进一步现代化任重道远,严格的物权法定限制了新的用益物权的产生,有名用益物权仍限定在不动产上,用益物权的一些规则仍需要依据现代社会发展的需求,进行进一步的解释和完善。

China’s usufruct system is a unique usufruct system with Chinese characteristics,which has been developed in practice in conjunction with the realities of China’s national conditions.In the new era,the most important and obvious manifestation of the modernisation of the rule of law in China in terms of civil law is the promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code.Our country has en-tered the era of the civil code,which also marks a new era and a new chapter in the improvement of our usufruct system.The Property Title of the Civil Code has appropriately amended the original norms of usufruct and created new norms.The Title of Property emphasises the independent status of the relationship between the use of things,expands the scope of objects of usufruct,and builds up a system of usufruct with Chinese characteristics.The modernisation of usufruct has strongly pushed forward the process of the rule of law in China’s civil law and expanded the new road of modernisation of the rule of law in China.However,the further modernisation of usufruct has a long way to go.The strict statutory law of property right has limited the creation of new usufruct,and the famous usufruct is still limited to immovable property,and some of the rules of usufruct still need to be further interpreted and perfected in accordance with the needs of the development of the modern society.