论消费民事公益诉讼损害赔偿责任实现中的“替代性行为”

On“Alternative Behavior”in the Realization of Damage Compensation Liability in Consumer Civil Public Interest Litigation

为消解损害赔偿责任实现过程中的赔偿金分配难题,消费民事公益诉讼当事人与法院创新性地探索出“以行为赔偿损失”的替代性责任承担方式,即用履行特定行为替代损害赔偿金的缴纳。以消费民事公益诉讼功能为研究视角,替代性行为因可间接补偿受害人的权益以及威慑(潜在)不法行为人而具存在之正当。在设置具体替代行为时,首先其应替代惩罚性赔偿;其次应属于消费领域,履行时有地域、时间限制及履行额度;再次以消费民事公益诉讼功能发挥与否,并辅以最优威慑与功利主义理论对替代性行为内容进行审核;最后将设置完成的替代性行为公之于众,方可有效发挥消费民事公益诉讼的补偿与威慑功能。

In order to solve the problem of compensation distribution in the process of realizing damage compensation liability,the litigants and the courts of consumer civil public interest litigation innovatively explore the alternative liability bearing mode of“compensation for loss by behavior”,that is,the performance of specific behavior instead of the payment of damage compensation.From the perspective of consumer civil public interest litigation,alternative behavior is justified because it can indirectly compensate the rights and interests of victims and deter(potential)wrongdoers.When setting up specific substitute behavior,first of all,it should replace punitive damages;secondly,it should belong to the field of consumption,and there are geographical and time limits and limits of performance;thirdly,the author reviews the content of alternative behavior based on the function of consumer civil public interest litigation and the theory of optimal deterrence and utilitarianism;finally,only by making the alternative behavior public can the compensation and deterrent functions of consumer civil public interest litigation be effectively brought into play.