典型公路自行车赛事故场景中头盔损伤防护性能研究

Research on Injury Prevention Effectiveness of Cyclist Helmet in Typical Road Cycling Accident Scenarios

在激烈而快速的公路自行车比赛中,各种事故屡见不鲜,给运动员生命安全带来极大威胁。目前,对于公路自行车运动员的头盔性能和头部损伤缺乏深入的研究。所以在采集和归纳公路自行车比赛典型事故形态基础上,采用试验和仿真分析相结合的方法构建公路自行车、骑车人和头盔耦合模型,深入分析和评估典型事故场景中骑车人头部损伤响应和头盔的头部损伤防护性能。结果表明,头盔能对骑车人头部起到明显的损伤防护效果,但部分场景中骑车人仍可能发生严重的头部损伤;不同头盔对骑车人头部损伤防护性能差异明显,且与价格没有直接相关性。头盔对不同体型的骑车人头部损伤防护效果存在显著差异,其中50百分位男性的运动学响应峰值和损伤风险均为最低,5百分位女性的所有损伤准则预测值均为最高,且至少有55%的女性骑车人存在显著的颅骨骨折及严重颅脑损伤风险。本研究考察的事故边界参数(事故速度、摩擦因数和坡度)均对事故中骑车人头部损伤没有显著影响;国际自行车联盟规定在距离爬坡终点五公里处可以不佩戴头盔,本研究建议骑车人在公路自行车比赛中全程佩戴安全头盔。本研究将为公路自行车比赛安全头盔的设计提供参考,也为完善公路赛规则提供数据支撑。

In intense and fast road cycling races,various accidents pose a great threat to cyclist safety.There is a lack of in-depth research on helmet performance and cyclist head injury in road cycling races.In this paper,based on collecting and summarizing the typical accident scenarios of road cycling races,models of road bicycle,anthropologic characteristics of cyclists and helmets are constructed with experimental and computational methods,and the head injury protection performance of helmets and cyclist's head injury response in typical accident scenarios are comprehensively analyzed and evaluated.The results show that the helmet can play a significant injury protection effect,but serious head injury may still occur in some scenarios;different helmets have significant differences in cyclist's head injury protection,and there is no direct correlation with the price.There are significant differences in the effectiveness of helmets for head injury protection among cyclists of different body sizes,with the 50th percentile adult men having the lowest peak kinematic response and injury risk,the 5th percentile adult women having the highest predicted values for all injury criteria,and at least 55%of female cyclists having a significant risk of skull fracture and severe brain injury.None of the accident boundary parameters examined in this study(accident speed,friction coefficient,and slope)had a significant effect on cyclist head injury in the accident scenarios;the Union cycliste Internationale stipulates that helmets may not be worn five kilometers from the end of the climb,while this study recommends cyclists wear safety helmets throughout the road cycling races.This study will provide a reference for the design of safety helmets for road cycling races,as well as data to support the improvement of road cycling race rules.