个人养老金参与意愿的影响因素研究

Study on Influencing Factors of Individual Pension Participation Intention

个人养老金制度作为缓解我国日益加剧的老龄化风险的重要制度安排,受到社会各界的关注。本文旨在厘清个人养老金参与意愿的影响因素,结合系统动力学软件(Vensim PLE)分析个人养老金参与意愿的逻辑关系,并运用解释结构模型(ISM)对12个因素之间的关联作用与关联机制进行探究分析。结果表明,养老待遇水平、受否享受税收优惠政策、多元投资渠道、自我强制储蓄、运行机制不满足需求、个人养老金流动性不强、监督机制未完善、税收优惠力度不够、实际操作繁琐是表层影响因素,缴纳个人养老金的资金压力、投资风险不确定、有更佳投资渠道是深层影响因素。根据分析结果,为行业主管部门及各相关主体提出对策建议,以期促进个人养老金制度长期均衡发展。

As an important system arrangement to alleviate the aging risk,the personal pension system has attracted much attention from all walks of life.This paper aims to clarify the influencing factors of individual pension participation intention,analyze the logical relationship of individual pension participation intention by combining system dynamics software(Vensim PLE),and use interpretive structure model(ISM)to explore and analyze the correlation mechanism between 12 factors.The results show that pension benefits,whether to enjoy preferential tax policies,diversified investment channels,self-compulsory savings,operation mechanism that do not meet needs,personal pension liquidity that is not strong,supervision mechanisms that are not perfect,tax incentives that are not enough,and actual operations are surface influencing factors.The financial pressure of personal pension contributions,the uncertainty of investment risk,and the availability of better investment channels are the deep influencing factors.According to the analysis results,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the competent departments of the industry and the relevant subjects in order to promote the long-term balanced development of the personal pension system.