三萜类化合物在阿尔茨海默病防治中的研究进展

Research progress of triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)是一种神经系统退行性疾病,主要病理特征包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积形成斑块、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化引起神经原纤维缠结和神经元丢失。然而,当前还没有能够有效治疗AD的药物。来源于植物的三萜类化合物具有抗炎、抗氧化等特性,其有可能通过上述作用抑制AD中的病理变化,具有一定的药用潜力和应用前景。之前的研究主要是阐述了单一类型三萜类化合物在AD防治中的作用,如灵芝三萜类化合物(Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, GLTs)和人参皂苷Rg1 (ginsenoside Rg1)。本文综述了多种三萜类化合物可能通过调节神经炎症、氧化应激、自噬、线粒体损伤和内质网应激,从而改善AD病理变化的作用及分子机制,为其进一步开发应用到临床治疗AD提供理论基础。

Alzheimer's disease(AD),a degenerative disease of the nervous system,is characterized by plaque formation fromβ-amyloid deposition,neurofibrillary tangles caused by the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein and neuronal loss.However,there is currently no effective drug for treating AD.Plant triterpenoids have antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties,which may inhibit the pathological changes in AD and have particular medicinal potential and application prospects.Previous studies have focused on single types of triterpenoids in AD prevention and treatment,such as Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids(GLTs)and ginsenoside Rg1.In this paper,we review the role and molecular mechanism of different triterpenoids in improving the pathological changes of AD by regulating neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,autophagy,mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress,which provides a theoretical basis for the further development and application of triterpenoids in clinical treatment of AD.