中国清洁能源关键矿产资源进口依赖性风险与应对策略

Dependency Risk and Countermeasures of China's Clean Energy Critical Minerals' Import

清洁能源矿产资源在全球能源绿色转型中扮演着重要角色,随着全球对清洁能源关键矿产资源的需求日益增长,供需矛盾逐渐凸显,围绕关键矿产的大国竞争与博弈愈演愈烈。近年来,中国绿色低碳产业蓬勃发展,但锂、镍、钴等清洁能源关键矿产资源国内供应严重不足,对外依存度居高不下,同时在进口来源地集中度、主要资源通道依赖度和对美国及其盟友依赖度三个方面都表现出一定的脆弱性。新形势下,确保清洁能源关键矿产资源安全稳定供应需进一步增强资源国内供应能力,提高供应链韧性,增强矿业企业海外权益保障能力,强化产业链风险识别、监测和防控,提高综合议价能力。

The clean energy minerals play an important role in the global energy transition.With the growing global demand for clean energy critical minerals,the contradiction between supply and demand has gradually become prominent,and the competition between major countries around critical minerals have become increasingly fierce.In recent years,China's green and low-carbon industry has developed vigorously,but the domestic supply of some clean energy minerals such as lithium,nickel and cobalt is seriously insufficient,the external dependence remains high and the concentration of import sources,dependence on major logistics channels and dependence on the US and its allies have shown a certain vulnerability.Under the new situation,to ensure the secure and stable supply of clean energy critical minerals,it is necessary to further strengthen the domestic supply capacity of resources,improve the resilience of the supply chain,enhance the ability to protect the overseas rights and interests of mining enterprises,strengthen the identification,monitoring,prevention and control of risks in the industrial chain,and improve the comprehensive bar‐gaining power.