以傳附經文本之起源與形成

The Origin and Formation of the Forms that Annotations are Attached to Its Relevant Classics

孔穎達謂以傳附經始於馬融《周官傳》,由此分判西漢以前經傳分離,東漢以後經傳合一。以孔説校核《漢志》和熹平石經,似亦吻合,故成爲唐以後定説。然若考察傳自先秦之諸子文本和七十子後學篇章,放眼出土文獻,便可發現,以傳附經,期省兩讀之便,其形態可追溯到《管子》、《墨子》形成之時,至晚在戰國中期已有萌芽。縱觀先秦經傳合一之形態,緊接經文連抄者:有的已成爲經文的一部分,簡短的解釋變相成爲正文訓詁;有的經文、傳文雖分爲兩篇而篇名相關相連;有的一篇之中前經後傳,前後接續解釋;有的則將傳文直接插入相應經文下,猶如漢魏之經傳合一文本。種種形態各異的經傳關聯文本,都顯示出人類求便心理,爲漢及漢以後經傳合一的文本所取代。

Kong Yingda pointed that Ma Rong's Zhouguanzhuan was the beginning of the forms that annotations were attached to its relevant classics.As a reference,classics and its annotation were separated before the Eastern Han Dynasty while after that period,annotation was attached to its relevant classics.It is correct when checking Kong Yingda's view with Hanzhi and Xiping Shjing,so it was accepted by public after Tang Dynasty.However,if studying articles of pre-Qin thinkers and the followers of Confucius,including excavated documents,it could be revealed the forms that annotations are attached to its relevant classics dated from the mid Warring States period,the time when Guanzi and Mozi were finished.Historically speaking,the forms mentioned above had different branches.Some brief explanations of words became part of the classics as they were transcribed next to main text.There was such phenomenon that the classics text and its annotations were transcribed as two back-to-back and relevant sections.Some documents were the form that annotations are after and explain main text.Some annotations were directly inserted after their relevant classics text as the form are usually seen in Han and Wei Dynasties.These different annotations attached to classics forms show human's pursuit of convenience,and were taken as the model of text combined with classics and its annotations during and after Han Dynasty period.