唐李祐、李有裕節度涇原事考辨——兼論朝廷與藩鎮的共生

Li You(李祐)and Li Youyu(李有裕),Confused Military Governors of Jingyuan:Also on the Symbiosis of Tang Court and Its Provinces

作爲元和時代崛起的重要武將,史傳關於李祐生涯的記載雖然詳盡卻不乏謬誤,其中最值得注意的是寶曆二年節度涇原一事。證諸其他材料,當時受命節度涇原的並非李祐,而是很少引起關注的李有裕。李祐與李有裕行事的混淆在史書中並非孤例,而是廣泛存在於《舊唐書》、《册府元龜》和《新唐書》之中,表明這一謬誤很可能在唐代實録中就已出現。從表面上看,二人並没有多少交集,其生涯也得益於不同的政治傳統和氛候,但李祐以及李有裕之父李景略均來自安史亂後長期對抗朝廷的“反側之地”,屬於歸國將吏的範疇。整體來看,歸國將吏往往得到朝廷信任和重用,在帝國的政局演變和秩序維持上發揮重要作用。從某種意義上説,他們在仕宦上的成功也是唐廷與藩鎮共生關係的體現。

The accounts of the career of Li You,a significant general who rose to prominence during the Yuanhe(元和)era,are detailed in historical records but not without errors,the most noteworthy of which is the account of his appointment as the Military Governor of Jingyuan(涇原節度使)inthe second year of the Baoli(寶歷)reign.Other materials evidence that the appointee was not him,but Li Youyu who receives lttle attention from historians.The confusion exists widely in Jiu Tang Shu(《舊唐書》),Cefu Yuangui(《册府元龜》),and Xin Tang Shu(《新唐書》),which indicating its origin in the earlier shilu(《實録》,veritable records)compiled in Tang dynasty.At very first sight,these two generals had little interaction.Their commonality lies in the fact that Li You and Li Youyu's father Jinglue(李景略)both started their military career in"rebel territory"that long resisted the imperial command after the An Lushan Rebellion.They can be categorized as renegade military officials,whose ultimate success in official careers embodies the symbiotic relationship between the Tang court and its provinces.