重審金熙宗官階制度改革--以南北制度的整合過程爲中心

Rethinking Jin Xizong's Personnel Rank Classification System Reform:Focusing on the Integrating Process of Southern and Northern Political System

學界認爲金朝官階制度從本官階體系轉向散官體系的節點是金熙宗天眷元年官制改革,但天眷年間金朝官員結銜的實態與此多有不合。歸納金前期石刻史料中官員結銜的時間、地域、文武差異,可發現金熙宗官階制度改革存在次第實施的過程。新的官階制度並非同時頒行,在金朝原直屬區,武階制度於天眷元年出臺,文階制度頒行於天眷三年。在僞齊故地,兩種制度均於天眷三年前後逐步行用。金熙宗官階制度改革是金代前期南北制度整合過程的縮影。

Scholars believe that the milestone where Jin Dynasty abandoned Benguan(本官)personnel rank system and fully used Sanguan(散官)personnel rank system is marked by Jin Xizong's Tianjuan(天春)official system reform in 1138.However,the evidence from the Jin officials'titles during 1138-1141 was inconsistent with this theory.This paper summarizes the differences of official titles on stone inscriptions at the levels of time,region,civil or military;then points out that there was a successive process of Jin Xizong's personnel rank system reform.The new civil and military Sanguan personnel rank systems were not promulgated at the same time.North of the Yellow River,the new military rank system was implemented in 1138,the civil rank system was practiced in 1140.South of the Yellow River,both rank systems were gradually put into use around 1140.Jin Xizong's personnel rank system reform epitomizes the integrating process towards a unified Southern and Northern political system in the Early Jin Dynasty.