遠程“壯遊”視野中的西南考察:徐霞客遊記的晚期風格及其“深慮”

Southwest Expedition in the Perspective of Remote"Zhuang You":The Late Style and"Deliberation"of Xu Xiake's Travelogue

《徐霞客遊記》約十分之九是其生命最後階段前往廣西、貴州、雲南等西南地區考察的記録,其中相當部分是有關西南治理的敍述和討論,有重要歷史價值。徐霞客對西南治理危機及應對的觀察和戰略思考,提供了深入認識晚明“衆建土司”戰略與川黔協調問題的契機。本文由此重新討論徐霞客西南考察和遊記撰述的動力與目標問題,認爲他和多位朋友形成了比肩利瑪竇、開展“出故封”、“見域外”的長程遊歷的文化共識。徐霞客“見域外”的方向是由西南到西域,卻有意無意地忽略了近在咫尺的滇緬通道,這意味着他的主要關注點在明王朝的邊疆治理,其中包含了“皇圖蘇以寧,疆土恢懷柔”的志向。這一志趣爲其知識興趣提供了重要思想基礎。

About nine tenths of Xu Xiake's travelogue is a record of his final stage of life when he went to investigate southwestern regions such as Guangxi,Guizhou,and Yunnan.A considerable part of it is about the narration and discussion of southwestern governance,which has important historical value.Xu Xiake's observation and strategic thinking on the crisis management and response in Southwest China provided an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the late Ming Dynasty's strategy of"building a group of chieftains"and the coordination issues between Sichuan and Guizhou.This article rediscusses the motivation and goals of Xu Xiake's Southwest Expedition and travelogue writing,and believes that he and several friends have formed a cultural consensus to be on par with Matteo Ricci and carry out long-distance travels such as"leaving the motherland"and"seeing outside the territory".Xu Xiake's direction of“seeing outside the territory"was from the southwest to the western region,but he intentionally or unintentionally overlooked the nearby Yunnan-Burma Road.This means that his main focus was on the border governance of the Ming Dynasty,which included the ambition of"the emperor's plan to better governance and pacification,and the territory to be restored and softened".This interest provides an important ideological foundation for his interest in knowledge.