田东县‘台农一号’芒果的土壤环境与果实品质的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Soil Environment and Fruit Quality of‘Tainong No.1’Mango in Tiandong County

为制定田东县芒果产区土壤改良和合理施肥策略提供依据,从田东县3个芒果主产区公靖、民族、东养芒果园18个采样点采集20~40 cm土层的土壤样品和果实样品,分析芒果土壤环境因子与果实矿质营养和品质的相关性。研究表明,供试的田东县芒果园土壤pH较低,土壤有机质普遍缺乏,阳离子交换量、碱解氮、交换性钙、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼含量较低,有效磷、有效钾、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰含量较高。土壤微生物数量较少,脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性较低,但酸性磷酸酶活性较高。相关性分析表明,土壤矿质营养和果实矿质营养元素关联性大,土壤有机质与果实全磷、有效钾与果实全钾、交换性钙与果实全钙、有效锰与果实全锰、有效铜与果实全铜等相关性极显著;土壤微生物总数与果实全镁、全锰等相关性较显著,土壤酸性磷酸酶与果实全磷、全铜相关性较显著。在果实品质方面,土壤矿质元素与可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C、可滴定酸关联性大,土壤阳离子交换量和果实可溶性固形物、有机质和果胶相关性显著,土壤阳离子交换量与果实可溶性糖相关性显著。土壤酸性磷酸酶和可溶性固形物、过氧化氢酶和维生素C相关性显著。土壤微生物总数、细菌、放线菌数量与果实可溶性糖、维生素C相关性较强。建议田东县在芒果生产中增施有机肥,用有机肥替代化肥,同时施用石灰调整土壤pH,以改善果园土壤生态环境;在果实发育时期适当增施微量元素可提升芒果果实品质。

Soil samples in 20-40 cm soil layer and fruit samples of‘Tainong No.1’mango were collected from 18 sampling sites in Gongjing,Minzu and Dongyang mango orchards,three main mango producing areas in Tiandong County,to analyze the correlation between mango soil environmental factors and fruit mineral nutrition and quality,so as to provide evidence for the formulation of soil improvement and rational fertilization strategies in mango producing areas in Tiandong County.The results showed that the soil pH value of the mango orchards in Tiandong county was low,the content of organic matter was generally lacking,the contents of cation exchange capacity,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,exchangeable calcium,available copper,available zinc and available boron were low,and the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable magnesium,available iron and available manganese were high.The soil microorganism quantity was small,the activity of urease and catalase was lower,but the activity of acid phosphatase was higher.Correlation analysis showed that soil mineral nutrients were closely related to fruit mineral nutrients.Soil organic matter was significantly correlated with total phosphorus,available potassium and total potassium,exchangeable calcium and total calcium,available manganese and total manganese,and available copper and total copper.The total number of soil microorganisms was significantly correlated with fruit magnesium,total manganese,and soil acid phosphatase was significantly correlated with fruit total phosphorus and total copper.In terms of fruit quality,soil mineral elements were highly correlated with soluble solid,soluble sugar,vitamin C,titratable acid,soil cation exchange capacity was significantly correlated with fruit soluble solid,organic matter,pectin and fruit soluble sugar.Soil acid phosphatase and soluble solid,catalase and vitamin C had significant correlation.The total number of soil microorganisms,bacteria and actinomyces had a strong correlation with fruit soluble sugar and vitamin C.It is suggested to increase the application of organic fertilizer in mango production in Tiandong County,replace chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer,and apply lime to adjust soil pH value,so as to improve the ecological environment of orchard soil.Appropriate application of trace elements during fruit development stage can improve mango fruit quality.