生物有机肥与化肥减量配施对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Nutrients and Tobacco Yield and Quality

为减少化肥的过量施用,提高湖南宜章植烟土壤肥力和烟叶生产效益,以烤烟品种‘K326’为材料,采用田间试验研究了不同比例生物有机肥与化肥减量配施对土壤养分及烟叶产量与品质的影响。结果表明:增施适当比例生物有机肥配合化肥减量能不同程度地改善土壤肥力质量,促进烟株的生长。随着生物有机肥比例的增加与化肥用量的减少,烤烟的各项生长农艺性状、感官评吸质量、产量、产值以及上等烟比例呈先升后降的趋势。其中,以减量20%化学追肥的T2处理对烟株的生长和烟叶的品质表现最好。与常规施肥的对照(CK)相比,烟草株高、有效叶片数和最大叶面积分别增加8.24%~17.00%、13.81%~23.22%和12.63%~16.86%,C3F烟叶中总糖和钾含量分别达到26.51%~30.01%和2.16%~2.86%,C3F和B2F烟叶的感官评吸质量分别提高1.67%~2.98%和3.12%~4.10%,烟叶产量、上等烟比例和产值分别提高3.76%~6.58%、3.38%~3.79%和8.24%~9.58%。研究结果为湘南植烟区应用生物有机肥与化肥减量配施提供了科学参考依据。

To reduce the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and improve the soil fertility and tobacco production efficiency in Yizhang County,Hunan Province,a field experiment using flue-cured tobacco variety‘K326’as material was conducted to study the effects of different proportions of bio-organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers reduction on soil nutrients and the yield and quality of tobacco.The results showed that the increasing appropriate proportion of bio-organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers reduction could improve soil fertility and promote the growth of tobacco plants.And tobacco plants growth agronomic traits,sensory evaluation of smoking,yield,output value and the first-class proportion of tobacco leaves showed a trend of rising firstly and then falling with the increase of proportion of bio-organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers reduction.Among them,the T2 treatment with 20%reduction in chemical topdressing showed the best growth characteristics and leaf quality of tobacco plants.Compared with the control of conventional fertilization(CK),tobacco plant height,effective leaf number and maximum leaf area of T2 treatment were increased by 8.24%-17.00%,13.81%-23.22%and 12.63%-16.86%,respectively.The contents of total sugar and potassium in C3F tobacco leaves reached 26.51%-30.01%and 2.16%-2.86%,respectively.The C3F and B2F tobacco leaves sensory evaluation of smoking increased by 1.67%-2.98%and 3.12%-4.10%,respectively.The yield,first-class proportion and output value of tobacco leaves were increased by 3.76%-6.58%,3.38%-3.79%and 8.24%-9.58%,respectively.The results provided a scientific reference for the application of bio-organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers reduction in tobacco-growing areas of southern Hunan Province.