民国时期各省旅黔同乡组织与学校教育

On Organizations and School Education of Township Travelers in Guizhou in Various Provinces during the Republic of China Period

民国时期贵阳是五方杂处之地,外省的移民群体于此成立了许多同乡组织,如会馆、同乡会等。“崇文重教”与“族群聚合”传统的影响、保全会产的需要以及移民来黔背景下政府的提倡共同构成了民国时期各省旅黔同乡组织兴学办学的动因。在时局动荡下,同乡组织充分利用与乡籍网络获得各种资源,较为成功地兴学办学,其开办的中小学数量约占贵阳中小学校的13%,大大补充了贵阳公办中小学教育的不足。贵州省市档案馆馆藏档案及报刊等资料的搜集与整理为研究奠定了史料基础。总的来说,同乡组织办学对于移民教育、贵阳教育的发展以及抗战大后方的稳定有着积极作用,推动了贵阳乃至贵州的近代化进程。

Guiyang is a place with diverse regions,where immigrant groups from other provinces have established many local organizations,such as guilds and local associations.The influence of the tradition of"valuing culture and education"and"ethnic aggregation",the need to preserve social property,and the govermment's advocacy in the context of immigration to Guizhou jointly formed the motivation for various provinces to organize education in Guizhou during the Republic of China period.In the turbulent situation,local organizations have made full use of their hometown network to obtain various resources and have successfully established schools.The number of primary and secondary schools they operate accounts for about 13%of Guiyang's primary and secondary schools,greatly supplementing the shortcomings of public primary and secondary education in Guiyang.The collection and organization of archives,newspapers,and other materials in the archives of Guizhou Province and City have laid a historical foundation for research.Overall,the organization of education by fellow villagers played a positive role in the development of immigration education,education in Guiyang,and the stability of the rear area of the Anti Japanese War,and promoted the modernization process of Guiyang and even Guizhou.