施用功能性微生物肥料和配方肥对冀东地区花生果腐病的防控效果

Prevention and Control Effect of Functional Microbial Fertilizers and Formulated Fertilizers on Peanut Pod Rot Disease in Eastern Hebei Province

为有效控制花生果腐病的发生,通过生防菌株间的拮抗试验和盆栽试验,筛选出具有防病、促生和降解自毒物质功能的胶冻样类芽孢杆菌G32a-1 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus和枯草芽孢杆菌CSG Bacillus subtilis的复合微生物菌株。以高温好氧发酵将沼渣、玉米芯等有机物料充分腐熟制备的有机物料为载体,利用微生物喷涂技术将复合微生物菌株组合喷涂于有机物料载体上制备颗粒型微生物肥料Y5 m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)∶m(CaO)∶m(S)=1∶5.5∶1.5∶1.5∶1。根据花生养分需求规律和冀东地区土壤理化特性,配制花生配方肥m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)∶m(CaO)=14∶2.5∶12.5∶9,从而研制出由功能性微生物肥料和配方肥组成的花生果腐病防控专用肥料HGJ。试验结果表明:花生果腐病防控专用肥料处理组的花生出苗率和根干质量均显著高于复合肥处理组和有机肥常规对照(p<0.05),对花生出苗期生长具有促进作用。冀东地区花生果腐病防控田间试验结果显示:施用花生果腐病防控专用肥料HGJ 1800 kg/hm^(2)对花生果腐病的防治效果达到72.58%,增产率为16.84%;当施用量为1200 kg/hm^(2)时,花生果腐病防控专用肥料HGJ对花生果腐病防治效果为61.67%,增产率为10.39%。花生果腐病防控专用肥料HGJ降低了花生果腐病的发生,从而增加产量。

Composite microbial strains(Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GF32a-1 and Bacillus subtilis CSG)with functions of biocontrol,growth-promoting,and degradation of autotoxins were screened by antagonistic experiments and pot experiments to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of peanut pod rot.Organic materials such as biogas residue and corn cob were prepared as carriers with high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology,on which composite microbial strains were sprayed with microbial spraying technology to prepare granular microbial fertilizer Y5 m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)∶m(CaO)∶m(S)=1∶5.5∶1.5∶1.5∶1.Based on the nutrient requirements characteristics of peanuts and the physical&chemical characteristics of the soil in the main peanut producing areas of Eastern Hebei province,formula fertilizer m(N)∶m(P_(2)O_(5))∶m(K_(2)O)∶m(CaO)=14∶2.5∶12.5∶9 was prepared,and thus HGJ,a special fertilizer for peanut pod rot disease prevention and control that consists of functional microbial fertilizer and formulated fertilizer,was developed.The experimental results showed that the emergence rate and root dry weight of the peanut pod rot prevention and control special fertilizer treatment group were significantly higher than those of the composite fertilizer treatment group and the organic fertilizer conventional control group(p<0.05),and the seedlings grew well during the emergence time.1800 kg/hm^(2) special fertilizer HGJ for peanut prevention and control of pod rot disease showed a control efficiency of 72.58%for peanut pod rot and a yield increase rate of 16.84%in field experiments in Eastern Hebei province,while 1200 kg/hm^(2) HGJ showed a control efficiency of 61.67%and a yield increase rate of 10.39%.Special fertilizer HGJ for peanut pod rot disease prevention and control could reduce the incidence of peanut pod rot and increase the yield.