相变储热材料强化催化反应过程的研究进展

Review on recent advances in phase change materials for enhancing the catalytic process

催化过程在化工生产中起着至关重要的作用,开发高性能催化材料是提升催化效率的有效策略之一.然而,多数催化过程伴随的强烈放热或吸热效应往往影响材料的催化效率,甚至可能导致失活.近年来,相变储热材料(PCMs)因具有较好的热管理和能量存储性能,在热催化、光催化、生物催化和电化学领域展现出广阔的应用潜力.将PCMs与催化材料相结合,形成PCMs@Catalysts复合材料,可以提升能源利用效率和强化催化反应过程.利用微胶囊技术,可以实现这种复合材料的储热区及催化区的分区组装及功能集成,其中催化材料壳层不仅增强了PCMs热导率和稳定性,还能够有效防止PCMs相变过程的泄漏.同时,PCMs芯材通过吸收/释放反应过程的热量和控制壳层催化材料的温度达到提升催化效率的目的.本综述旨在深入介绍相变材料在强化催化反应方面的最新进展,并为PCMs@Catalysts复合材料的理性设计和可控制备提出见解.本文系统地总结了PCMs@Catalysts复合材料的制备方法及其在热催化、光催化、生物催化和电化学领域的应用进展.PCMs@Catalysts的制备方法主要包括物理法和化学法.物理法,如喷雾干燥法和空气悬浮法,主要通过物理手段将外壳溶液均匀地包覆在PCMs内核表面,形成厚度适中的外壳.而化学法,如原位聚合法、原位沉淀法、悬浮聚合法、诱导氧化法和溶胶-凝胶法等,则通过在PCMs表面原位生长致密的氧化物壳层来实现复合材料的构筑.在应用方面,PCMs组分提升催化反应性能的作用机制主要包括以下三种.(1)自蓄热驱动催化效应:PCMs材料在催化反应中高效储存来自环境余热或太阳能等外界热源的热能,并在移除热源后持续稳定地释放潜热以驱动催化反应的进行.(2)原位温度调节效应:由PCMs芯材存储反应过程中的热量以调节催化材料壳层微环境温度,进而调控催化剂床层温度,防止催化过程热失控并延长催化剂使用寿命.(3)热流/电子协同效应:PCMs释放的热流能够加速催化材料表面底物分子的热运动和光生电子/空穴的迁移,进而克服反应物转化的能量势垒;热流和光生电荷的协同效应有助于提高太阳能的利用率和反应物的转化率.综上,本文系统地总结了PCMs@Catalysts复合材料的合成制备方法、协同作用机制及其在不同催化领域的应用进展.展望未来,PCMs@Catalysts复合材料研究应在保证其综合力学性能的基础上,进一步提高催化性能和储/放热效率.本文旨在为PCMs@Catalysts的理性设计和精准构筑提供参考,也为其在工业领域的规模化应用提供借鉴.

Catalysis plays a critical role in almost every industrial process,and developing high-performance catalyst is one of the most efficient strategies for enhancing the catalytic process.However,most of the catalytic processes involve the heat release or absorption effect,which would influence the catalytic efficiency and even result in the deactivation of the catalyst.Recently,phase change materials(PCMs)have demonstrated unique potential for enhancing the catalytic process in thermocatalytic,photocatalytic,biocatalytic and electrochemical fields due to the thermal management and energy storage functions.The innovative integration of PCMs and catalysts can simultaneously raise energy efficiency and enhance the catalytic process.Microencapsulation technology enables the in‐situ coupling of PCMs within catalysts,and the introduction of encapsulated shells or nanoparticles with catalytic effects endows the PCMs with good chemical stability,thermal cycling stability as well as high thermal conductivity.The synergistic mechanism between catalysts and PCMs in different systems can be summarized as self-stored thermal driven catalysis,in‐situ temperature regulation and heat flow/electron synergistic effect.In addition,the correlation between the microstructure and catalytic/thermal management performance of PCMs@Catalysts composites was systematically discussed.Finally,the current challenges and development trends of the multifunctional PCMs@Catalysts composites are also presented.The review aims to highlight recent advances in phase change materials for enhancing the catalytic process and provide insights into the rational design and controllable preparation of PCMs@Catalysts composites.