玉米青霉穗腐病接种方法及玉米新品种抗性分析

Effect of Different Inoculation Methods of Penicillium Ear Rot and the Resistance of New Varieties in Maize

近年由青霉Penicillium spp.引起的穗腐病逐年加重。抗病玉米品种的选育和利用是控制穗腐病的经济、安全和有效措施。本研究开展玉米抗青霉穗腐病的接种鉴定,连续3年(2020-2022)在不同环境下比较分析花丝喷雾法、花丝通道注射法、子粒注射法、牙签法等接种方法对玉米青霉穗腐病抗性鉴定的效果。结果表明,子粒注射法、牙签法发病强度适中,能够使得不同品种在人工接种后表现出不同水平的抗性反应,较适合用于玉米抗青霉穗腐病鉴定接种,接种后发病稳定、抗感差异明显、鉴定结果准确。2021-2022年接种鉴定的玉米新品种中,对青霉穗腐病表现高抗、抗性、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占7.8%、24.1%、28.6%、24.5%、15.0%。

Ear rot is a serious disease of maize,and the incidence of ear rot caused by Penicillium has been increasing year by year in China.The development and utilization of resistant cultivars is the most economical,safe,and effective method for controlling ear rot.In this study,the screening of maize resistance to Penicillium ear rot was carried out.Different inoculation methods,including silk spraying,silk channel injection,kernel injection,and two toothpicks method,have been compared for identifying resistance to Penicillium ear rot under different environments over 3 years(2020-2022).The results showed that the kernel injection and toothpick method had moderate disease intensity,which could make different varieties show different levels of resistance responses after artificial inoculation.The two methods had stable disease,obvious difference in resistance and susceptibility,and accurate identification results.During 2021-2022,7.8%,24.1%,28.6%,24.5%,15.0%of new maize varieties were highly resistant,resistant,moderately resistant,susceptible and highly susceptible to Penicillium ear rot,respectively.These results provide a foundation for understanding the ear rot caused by Penicillium,and should play an important role in disease prevention.