基于惯性传感器的输电塔振动特性分析

Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Transmission Tower Based on Inertial Sensor

为有效控制输电塔的有害振动需要了解其振动特性,提出一种惯性测量数据矩阵模式的输电塔振动分析方法。将微惯性测量单元(Micro-Inertia-Measurement-Unit,MIMU)安装在输电塔上通过Kalman滤波预处理三轴原始数据,重构权重奇异值分解(Weighted Singular Value Decomposition,WSVD)后的相干振动分量建立平动/扭动矩阵。提取矩阵序列中的变换矩阵,计算其Frobenius范数度量暂态振动间的变异度来估计幅值与频率。根据幅频参数计算振动耗能,观测输电塔各轴向以及整体的振动情况。最后设计振动台、转台实验验证振动数据处理方法的有效性,并对不同风荷载下的塔线模型与真型风振试验进行特性分析。结果表明输电塔振动以水平方向的平动形式为主,随风向夹角的增大其非线性效应逐渐增强,所提出的数据处理方法能够有效获得振动信息,可为控制有害振动的阻尼器的设计提供参考。

To effectively control the harmful vibration of transmission towers,it is necessary to know their vibration characteristics.A transmission tower vibration analysis method based on inertial measurement data matrix mode is proposed.The Micro-Inertia-Measurement-Unit(MIMU)is installed on the transmission tower to preprocess the three-axis raw data through Kalman filtering,reconstruct the coherent vibration components after weighted singular value decomposition(WSVD),and establish the translation/torsion matrix.The transformation matrix in the matrix sequence is extracted,and its Frobenius norm is calculated to measure the variation between transient vibrations to estimate the amplitude and frequency.The vibration energy consumption is calculated according to the amplitude-frequency parameters,and the axial vibration and the overall vibration of the transmission tower are observed.Finally,the vibration table and turntable experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness of the vibration data processing method,and the characteristics of tower line model and real-type wind vibration tests under different wind loads are analyzed.The results show that the vibration of transmission tower is mainly horizontal translation,and its nonlinear effect gradually increases with the increase of wind angle.The proposed data processing method can effectively obtain the vibration information,which can provide a reference for the design of dampers to control harmful vibration.