江苏土地租金合理形成机制的实践探索

Practical Exploration of the Reasonable Formation Mechanism of Land Rent in Jiangsu Province

合理的土地租金定价机制不仅能够确保粮食规模经营主体的农业经营利润,同时也不损害土地转出方的财产性收益。近年来江苏省土地租金呈现持续上涨的趋势,主要原因归结为4方面,分别为耕地的稀缺性和保障性导致土地租赁市场有效供给不足、新型农业经营主体蓬勃发展导致土地租赁市场需求旺盛、政府过度干预对土地租赁市场形成较强冲击以及土地租赁市场的中介组织和服务体系的不健全。江苏省作为中国的农业大省,近年来针对种粮土地租金上涨问题,不断尝试探索土地租金的合理形成机制,如以海门为代表的政府指导参考定价机制、以射阳和姜堰为代表的土地流转价格熔断机制等,这些做法对稳定区域性粮食规模经营土地租金具有显著效果。此外,通过分析法国和日本的土地租金定价做法,进一步提出构建江苏省土地租金合理形成机制的对策建议,即通过强化农业基础设施建设,对冲土地租金成本;建立多层次社会保障体系,保护农户财产权益;培育中介服务组织机构,提高市场交易效率;构建完善的租金指导价形成机制,保证流转双方权益。

A reasonable land rent pricing mechanism can not only ensure the agricultural operation profit of the grain scale operation subject,but also do not damage the property income of the land exporter.Land rent in Jiangsu province shows a continuous upward trend,mainly due to four reasons:the scarcity and security of cultivated land leads to the shortage of affordable land rental market supply,the new agricultural operators booming leads to the vigorous demand of land lease market,excessive government intervention has a strong impact on the land lease market,and land lease market intermediary organization and service system are not sound.As a major agricultural province in China,Jiangsu province has been trying to explore a reasonable formation mechanism of land rent for the increase of grain land rent,such as the government guidance price represented by Haimen and the land transfer price circuit breaker mechanism represented by Sheyang and Jiangyan.These practices have a remarkable effect on stabilizing the land rent of regional grain scale operation.In addition,based on the analysis of land rent pricing practices in France and Japan,countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to establish a reasonable mechanism for the formation of land rent in Jiangsu province:improving agricultural infrastructure construction to hedge land rental costs;establishing a multi-level social security system to protect the property rights and interests of farmers;cultivating intermediary service organization and improving the efficiency of market transactions;and establishing a perfect formation mechanism of rent rental price to guarantee the rights and interests of both parties.