肠道微生物对畜禽摄食行为影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effects of intestinal microorganisms on feeding behavior livestock and poultry

肠道微生物是指定植在人类和动物肠道中的微生物群体,它们在肠道内代谢活动的产物可通过影响宿主的免疫调节、神经传递和代谢调节等改变畜禽摄食行为。目前,关于微生物-肠-脑轴的相关研究已取得一定进展,证实肠道微生物与中枢神经系统之间存在双向交流,但肠道微生物多种代谢产物对畜禽摄食行为的协同调节机制尚有待研究。文章对调节畜禽摄食行为的肠道微生物主要代谢产物如5-羟色胺、γ-氨基丁酸、儿茶酚胺类化合物和短链脂肪酸及影响肠道微生物的因素如畜禽生理状态、遗传背景、环境条件和粪菌移植技术等进行了综述,旨在为通过进一步调节肠道微生物结构与丰度改善畜禽食欲、调节采食量和增重、预防及治疗疾病和提高繁殖力等提供依据。

Intestinal microbiome is a group of microorganisms designated to plant in the intestinal tract of humans and animals.The products of their metabolic activities in the intestinal tract can change the feeding behavior of livestock and poultry by affecting the hosts immune regulation,neurotransmission and metabolic regulation.At present,some progress has been made in the study of the microbial-gut-brain axis,which confirms that the communication between intestinal microorganisms and the central nervous system is bidirectional,but the synergistic regulation mechanism of various metabolites of intestinal microorganisms on the feeding behavior of animals needs to be studied.In this paper,the main metabolites of intestinal microorganisms such as 5-hydroxytryptamine,gamma-aminobutyric acid,catecholamines and short-chain fatty acids that regulate feeding behavior of livestock and poultry,and the factors affecting intestinal microorganisms such as physiological state,genetic background,environmental conditions and fecal bacteria transplantation techniques were reviewed.The aim was to provide evidence for improving the appetite,regulating feed intake and the weight gain,preventing and treating diseases and increasing fecundity by further regulating the intestinal microbial structure and abundance.