不同生态环境和日温差对BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系育性转换和农艺性状的影响

Effects of Different Ecological Environments and Daily Temperature Difference on Fertility Alteration and Agronomic Traits in BS Type Photo-Thermal Sensitive Male Sterile Wheat Lines

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系(简称不育系)是二系法杂交小麦应用的核心,为了研究日温差(以下简称温差)对不育系育性的影响,提升不育系安全制种和高效繁种,以5份不育系(BS102、BS107、BS135、BS185和BS278)和常规品种京411为材料,利用多生态区分期播种试验结合人工气候箱光温调控试验,研究不育系的安全制种繁种播期,以及在不同温差条件下,比较不育系育性及农艺性状差异,分析温差与结实率及农艺性状相关性。结果表明,在北京顺义不育系繁种区,不育系BS185的安全繁种播期为10月10-20日,不育系BS135为10月15-20日,不育系BS102、BS107和BS278为10月20日。在河南邓州不育系制种区,5个不育系在10月5-25日播种时高度不育,均能够安全制种,其中BS102和BS107安全制种播期可达到10月30日。不育系在12 h 12℃(制种区光温条件)不同温差条件下,BS102和BS135受温差影响较小,制种安全性较好;BS107和BS185在温差10和15℃均可以安全制种,BS278在温差5、10和15℃可安全制种;温差与不育系结实率呈负相关,与株高和穗长呈正相关。不育系在14 h 16℃(繁种区光温条件)不同温差条件下,BS102和BS278受温差影响较小,BS107、BS135和BS185受温差影响较大,在温差10和15℃可以有效繁种;温差与不育系结实率呈正相关,与多数不育系株高呈正相关。说明提升温差更利于不育系的安全制种和高效繁种。

BS type photo-thermal sensitive male sterile line is the core of the application of two-line hybrid wheat.Five BS type male sterile lines and a conventional variety Jing 411 were studied to investigate the relationship of the fertility with temperature difference for improving hybrid wheat seed production and propagation of the male sterile lines.We studied the safe seed production and propagation sowing date of sterile lines with differentially sowing tests and controlled experiments in growth chambers.Under the different temperature difference conditions,we compared the differences in fertility and agronomic traits of male sterile lines,and further analyzed the correlation between temperature difference and seed-setting rate and agronomic traits.The results showed the safe sowing dates of the sterile line BS185 was from October 10th to 20th,BS135 was from October 15th to 20th,and BS102,BS107 and BS278 were October 20th in the sterile line breeding area in Shunyi,Beijing.The safe sowing dates of five sterile lines with high sterility were from October 5th to 25th,which could be safe for seed production,and the safe seed production sowing dates of BS102 and BS107 could reach October 30th in the sterile line seed production area in Dengzhou,Henan.Under the different conditions of 12 h 12℃,BS102 and BS135 were less affected by temperature difference,and the safety of seed production was better.BS107 and BS185 could produce seeds safely at the temperature difference of 10 and 15℃,and safe seeds production of B278 could be achieved at the temperature difference of 5,10 and 15℃.Seed-setting rate had negative correlations with temperature difference.Furthermore,plant height and spike length had positive correlations with temperature difference.Under the different conditions of 14 h 16℃,BS102 and BS278 were less affected by temperature difference,BS107,BS135 and BS185 were greatly affected by temperature difference,and could effectively breed at the temperature difference of 10 and 15℃.Seed-setting rate had positive correlations with temperature difference,plant height of most male sterile lines had positive correlations with temperature difference.Therefore,raising the temperature difference was more conducive to the safe seed production and efficient seed propagation of the sterile lines.