北疆氮肥运筹对花生生长发育、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Growth and Development,Yield and Quality of Peanut in Northern Xinjiang

为明确生产上适宜的花生氮肥运筹模式,以花育25为供试品种,设4个施氮量(N1:90 kg/hm^(2),N2:135 kg/hm^(2),N3:180 kg/hm^(2),N4:225 kg/hm^(2))和3种施氮方式(T1:1/2基肥+1/2幼苗肥,T2:1/2基肥+1/4幼苗肥+1/4花针肥,T3:1/2基肥+1/6幼苗肥+1/6花针肥+1/6结荚肥),以不施氮肥为对照(CK),分析不同处理对花生生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,在施氮量90~225 kg/hm^(2)范围内增施氮肥,花生主茎高、第一对侧枝长和分枝数均呈增加趋势,以N4处理最高;干物质积累量及产量呈先增大后降低的趋势,以N3处理最高;蛋白质、脂肪及油酸含量以N3处理最高。施氮量相同时,干物质积累量及产量以T3处理最高,蛋白质、脂肪、油酸含量以T2处理最高。N3T3处理干物质积累量、产量高于其他处理,且品质较优。从提高产量及品质方面综合考虑,施氮量180 kg/hm^(2)、基施氮肥90 kg/hm^(2)并于幼苗期、花针期、结荚期分别追施氮肥30 kg/hm^(2)可作为实现北疆地区花生高产优质的最佳氮肥运筹模式。

In order to clarify the suitable N fertilizer management model for peanut production,using Huayu 25 as the test variety,four N levels(N1:90 kg/ha,N2:135 kg/ha,N3:180 kg/ha,N4:225 kg/ha)and three N application methods(T1:1/2 base fertilizer+1/2 seedling fertilizer,T2:1/2 base fertilizer+1/4 seedling fertilizer+1/4 flower needle fertilizer,T3:1/2 base fertilizer+1/6 seedling fertilizer+1/6 flower needle fertilizer+1/6 pod fertilizer)were set up,and no N application was the control(CK),to analyze the influence of different N fertilizer management model on the growth,development,yield and quality of peanut.The results showed that by increasing the nitrogen fertilizer in the range of 90-225 kg/ha,the main stem height,the first collateral branch length and the number of branches were the highest in N4 treatment.The amount of dry matter and yield increased first and then decreased,with the highest in N3 treatment.The contents of protein,fat and oleic acid were the highest in N3 treatment.When the N fertilizer dosage was the same,the amount of dry matter accumulation and yield were the highest in T3 treatment.The contents of protein,fat and oleic acid were the highest in T2 treatment.The dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut were higher than other treatments,and the quality was better with the N3T3 treatment.In terms of yield improvement and quality enhancement,180 kg/ha of N,90 kg/ha of basal N fertilizer and 30 kg/ha top dressing of N fertilizer at the seedling,flowering needle and pod setting stages can be considered as the best N fertilizer management model for achieving high yield and quality of peanut in northern Xinjiang.