施氮对郑麦366光合速率、花后干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Rate,Dry Matter Accumulation after Anthesis and Yield of Zhengmai 366

通过2年大田试验,分析不同施氮措施对郑麦366花后旗叶相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、光合速率、花后干物质积累及产量的影响,探究最佳施氮量和施氮方式。设置4个施氮处理,分别为不施氮(N_(0))、基施纯氮210 kg/hm^(2)(N_(210))、基施纯氮150 kg/hm^(2)+拔节期追施纯氮60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(150+60))、基施纯氮150 kg/hm^(2)+拔节期追施纯氮120 kg/hm^(2)(N_(150+120))。结果表明,与其他氮肥处理相比,2018-2019、2019-2020年度N_(0)处理下灌浆期旗叶净光合速率、灌浆后期旗叶SPAD、花后干物质积累对籽粒产量的贡献率、千粒重和产量均显著降低。与N_(210)处理相比,N_(150+60)处理2018-2019年度灌浆末期小麦旗叶SPAD、花后干物质积累对籽粒产量的贡献率、千粒重及产量分别提高12.9%、9.7%、6.5%、1.6%,2019-2020年度分别提高16.3%、27.2%、6.3%、10.0%。与N_(150+120)处理相比,N_(150+60)处理显著降低2018-2019年度灌浆末期冬小麦的旗叶SPAD、灌浆期旗叶净光合速率,但2019-2020年度差异不显著,N_(150+60)处理显著提高2018-2019年度冬小麦的穗粒数、产量及2年的氮肥偏生产力。综合考虑小麦净光合效率、产量及氮肥生产效率,N_(150+60)处理是更适宜豫北平原的施氮方式。

Field experiments were conducted with the strong gluten wheat variety Zhengmai 366 for two consecutive years in order to analyze the effects of different nitrogen application methods on flag leaf SPAD,photosynthetic rate,dry matter accumulation after anthesis,and grain yield.Four nitrogen application treatments were set:no nitrogen treatment(N_(0)),basal nitrogen 210 kg/ha(N_(210)),basal nitrogen 150 kg/ha+topdressing nitrogen 60 kg/ha at jointing stage(N_(150+60)),basal nitrogen 150 kg/ha+topdressing nitrogen 120 kg/ha at jointing stage(N_(150+120)).The result showed that compared with other nitrogen application treatments,the photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,SPAD at the filling stage,raito of grain dry matter at post-anthesis,1000-grain weight and final yield of N0 treatment decreased significantly in both 2018-2019 and 2019-2020.Compared with N_(210) treatment,SPAD at late filling stage,contribution rate of dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grain yield,1000-grain weight and yield of N_(150+60) treatment increased by 12.9%,9.7%,6.5%,1.6%in 2018-2019,and those were 16.3%,27.2%,6.3%,and 10.0%,respectively in 2019-2020.Compared with N150+120 treatment,N_(150+60) treatment significantly decreased SPAD at late filling stage,photosynthetic rate at filling stage in 2018-2019,but not significantly affect these physiological parameters of winter wheat at filling stage in 2019-2020.N_(150+60) treatment significantly increased the number of grains per spike and yield in 2018-2019,and N partial productivity in both two years when compared to N_(150+120).Considering photosynthetic rate,yield and nitrogen production efficiency,N_(150+60) treatment is a more suitable nitrogen application method for North Henan Plain.