叶面喷施钙肥对春玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性与产量形成的影响

Effects of Foliar Spraying Calcium Fertilizer on Lodging Resistance and Yield Formation of Spring Maize

为探究叶面喷施钙肥对玉米茎秆抗倒伏性能及产量形成的调控作用机制,选用盆栽试验,以玉米品种先玉335为供试材料,分别设置0(LCK)、3(LC1)、6(LC2)、9(LC3)和12 g/L(LC4)5个钙浓度处理,于玉米拔节期进行叶面喷施。结果表明,与LCK相比,LC2处理可显著降低玉米穗位高和重心高度,拔节期喷施适量钙肥(LC2和LC3)显著增加了茎秆基部抗折力和穿刺强度。叶面施钙可促进硬皮组织和维管束的发育,并且能显著提高玉米第3节间茎秆可溶性糖、纤维素和半纤维含量,且均在LC3处理下达最大值。叶面喷施LC2~LC4水平的钙肥也可明显提升玉米籽粒产量,其中LC2穗行数最大,为16.35,LC3处理百粒重最高,达31.36 g。从玉米茎秆的各项抗倒伏性能指标、茎秆化学成分及籽粒产量构成等综合表现来看,玉米叶片喷施钙肥最佳浓度范围为6~9 g/L,可以有效缩短基部节间长度,降低穗位高,促使玉米重心高度下移,同时优化茎秆中的氮、钾含量和纤维结构,促进维管束的发育,有效提高节间密度和充实度,进而提升茎秆机械强度,同时也能促进果穗发育,增加穗行数和百粒重和玉米产量。

This study employed a pot experiment to investigate the mechanism governing the lodging resistance of maize stalk and yield creation by adding calcium fertilizer on leaf surface.The test material was maize variety Xianyu 335,and five calcium concentration were established,namely 0(LCK),3(LC1),6(LC2),9(LC3)and 12 g/L(LC4),respectively.Foliar spraying was applied at maize jointing stage.The results showed that compared with LCK,LC2 treatment could significantly reduce the ear height and center of gravity height of maize,and spraying appropriate amount of calcium fertilizer(LC2 and LC3)at jointing stage significantly increased the breaking strength and puncture strength of stem base.Foliar calcium application could promote the development of crusty tissue and vascular bundle,and significantly increase the contents of soluble sugar,cellulose and hemicellulose in the 3rd internode stem of maize,which reached the maximum under LC3 treatment.Foliar application of calcium fertilizer at LC2-LC4 levels could also significantly increase maize grain yield,in which the maximum number of rows per ear of LC2 was 16.35,and the maximum 100-grain weight of LC3 treatment was 31.36 g.According to the comprehensive performance of lodging resistance indexes,chemical composition of stems and grain yield composition of maize,the optimal range of calcium fertilizer concentration of maize leaves was 6-9 g/L,which could effectively shorten the internode length of the base,reduce the ear height,lower the gravity height of the center of maize,optimize the contents of nitrogen and potassium in stems and fiber structure,and promote the development of vascular bundle and effectively increase the internode density and fullness,which could enhance the mechanical strength,additionally,it could promote ear development,increase the number of rows per ear,100-grain weight,and yield.