栽插密度和EBR浓度对甘薯鲜薯产量和品质的影响

Effects of Planting Density and EBR Concentration on the Yield and Quality of Sweet Potato

为了进一步探究提升甘薯产量和品质的方法,以及为北方地区甘薯的丰产栽培配套技术提供理论参数,通过设计栽插密度和24-表油菜素甾醇(EBR)喷施浓度双因子耦合,研究其对甘薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,相同的栽插密度下,低浓度和高浓度的EBR都不利于甘薯产量、SPAD值、Fv/Fm的提升,而较高栽插密度和适当的EBR浓度有利于甘薯产量和光合特性的提升,栽插密度为67 500株/hm^(2),喷施150 L/hm^(2)浓度为0.10 mg/L的EBR时鲜薯产量最大。适当的EBR浓度有利于甘薯整体品质的提升,适度地提高栽插密度有利于增加甘薯的还原糖、蛋白质和淀粉含量,但是会降低可溶性糖含量。合适的栽插密度和EBR喷施浓度耦合有利于提升甘薯的商品率和薯块的干物质含量,而对甘薯表型性状影响不显著,且对单株结薯数无明显影响。光合特性对甘薯的部分品质影响显著,制约甘薯产量的主导因子是淀粉含量(0.694),其次是还原糖含量(0.672)和最长蔓长(0.667),而分枝数这一因素对产量影响最小,其关联度仅为0.511,且在较高的栽插密度和EBR浓度时,甘薯的产量和质量指标的变化更均匀稳定。

In order to further explore the methods to improve the yield and quality of sweet potato,and provide theoretical parameters for the high-yield cultivation technology of sweet potato in northern China,the impacts of planting density and EBR(24-epibrassinolide)spraying concentration on the yield and quality of sweet potato were studied through the coupling of two factors.The results showed that,under the same planting density,low and high concentrations of EBR were not conducive to the increase of sweet potato yield,SPAD value,Fv/Fm,while high planting density and appropriate concentration of EBR were conducive to the increase of sweet potato yield and photosynthetic characteristics.The planting density was 67500 plants/ha,and the fresh sweet potato yield was the highest when 150 L/ha of EBR with a concentration of 0.10 mg/L was sprayed.Proper concentration of EBR was conducive to the improvement of the overall quality of sweet potato.Proper increase of cultivation density was conducive to the increase of reducing sugar,protein and starch contents of sweet potato,but would reduce the soluble sugar content.The coupling of appropriate planting density and EBR spraying concentration was beneficial for improving the commercial rates and dry matter contents of sweet potato,but it had no significant impact on the phenotypic traits of sweet potato and had no significant effect on the number of tubers per plant.The main factor restricting the yield of sweet potato was starch content(0.694),followed by reducing sugar content(0.672)and the longest vine length(0.667),while the number of branches had the smallest impact on the yield,and its correlation degree was only 0.511.Moreover,at higher cultivation density and EBR concentration,the yield and quality indicators of sweet potato changed more evenly and stably.