陕北风沙草滩区覆膜对玉米根际土壤微生物群落的影响

Effects of Film Mulching on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community of Maize in Wind-Sand Grassy Beach Area of Northern Shaanxi Province

为明确不同覆膜条件下玉米根际土壤微生物群落结构变化,收集6份不同覆膜条件下的玉米根际土壤,利用高通量测序技术对其微生物样品的基因区进行测序,分析样本中根际土壤细菌和真菌群落结构特征,揭示覆膜对玉米根际土壤质量的影响。结果表明,覆膜条件下样品细菌和真菌的总OTU(分类操作单元)数高于未覆膜条件。Chaol和Shannon指数表明,覆膜下细菌和真菌群落的丰富度和多样性均高于未覆膜处理。从门水平上来看,农田覆膜可降低变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)的相对丰度,提高酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)的相对丰度;从属水平上来看,农田覆膜使玉米根际土壤富集了细菌中的MND1、嗜盐粘细菌(Haliangium)、杆菌属(Metagenome)、RB41、鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和真菌中的外瓶霉属(Exophiala)、绿僵菌属(Metarhizium)、球孢毛葡孢霉属(Botryotrichum)、锥毛壳属(Coniochaeta)、瓶毛壳属(Lophotrichus)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)等菌群。研究揭示了农田覆膜对玉米根际土壤生态效应的影响,为筛选和开发利用有益微生物提供依据。

In order to clarify the changes of microbial community structure in maize rhizosphere soil under different mulching conditions,six samples of maize rhizosphere soil under different mulching conditions were collected.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the gene regions of microbial samples of maize rhizosphere soil,so as to analyze the community structure characteristics of bacteria and fungi in the sample rhizosphere soil,and reveal the influence of mulching soil on the quality of maize rhizosphere soil.The results showed that the total OTU number of bacteria and fungi in the field covered with mulch were higher than that in the field without mulching.Chaol and Shannon indexes revealed that the richness and diversity of fungi and bacteria community in the rhizosphere soil of maize under mulching were higher than those without mulching.At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were decreased and that of Acidobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,Ascomycota and Glomeromycota were increased.At the genus level,film mulching caused the enrichment of MND1,Haliangium,Metagenome,RB41,Sphingomonas in bacteria and Exophiala,Metarhizium,Botryotrichum,Coniochaeta,Lophotrichus,Fusarium in fungi in the rhizosphere soil of maize.This study presented the scientific theoretical foundation for the selection,use,and exploitation of beneficial microorganisms in maize production.It also demonstrated the impact of agricultural mulching on the ecological effect of maize rhizosphere soil.