论《聊斋志异·长亭》中的翁婿矛盾问题

On the Contradictions Between Father-in-law and Son-in-law in Liaozhai Zhiyi·Changting

《聊斋志异》的多篇作品都涉及了“翁婿矛盾”主题,其中以《长亭》最为典型。将《长亭》与《青凤》《陈锡九》《宫梦弼》等作品进行对比,可以看出作者对“夫与父两难抉择”的《左传》故事本事进行了改写。他强调了长亭的“母亲”身份,从而表现女性处在“女儿”“妻子”“母亲”三重身份压抑下的伦理困境。此外,蒲松龄认为,“礼义”是解决翁婿矛盾问题的关键,在作者的叙事中,男女主人公爱情的发展、翁婿矛盾的产生和结局都与他们的行为是否符合礼义准则有极大的关系。但“礼”“义”在蒲松龄的书写中是一个流动的概念,同一个人物可能兼有“守礼有义”“无礼不义”双重特质,而人物行为本质的同与异决定了故事的喜剧或悲剧基调。从这一点来辨析,《长亭》的结局并非“大团圆”。蒲松龄所书写的翁婿矛盾主题作品,要么难题未解,要么解决策略存在缺憾。这既表现出蒲松龄理想的一面,也突出了现实的残酷。

Many of the works in Liaozhai Zhiyi involve the theme of“son-in-law contradiction”,among which Changting is the most typical.By comparing Changting with Qingfeng,Chen Xijiu,Gong Mengbi and other works,we can see that the author has rewritten the story of Zuo Zhuan,which describes the dilemma between husband and father.He emphasized Changting's identity of“mother”,thus expressing the ethical dilemma of women under the oppression of the triple identity of“daughter”,“wife”and“mother”.In addition,Pu Songling believes that“rites and justice”is the key to understanding the problem of the conflict of son-in-law.In the author's narrative,the love development of the hero and heroine,the generation and outcome of the conflict have a great relationship with whether their behavior conforms to the code of rites and justice.But“rites”and“righteousness”in Pu Songling's writing is a fluid concept,and the same character may have the dual characteristics of“keeping rites and righteousness”and“rudeness and injustice”.The similarities and differences in the nature of the characters'behavior determine whether the tone of the story is comedy or tragedy.From this point of view,the ending of Changting is not“happy reunion”.Pu Songling's works on the theme of son-in-law conflict are either unsolved problems or lack of solution strategies.This not only shows the ideal side of Pu Songling,but also highlights the cruelty of reality.