全球视阈下当代中国学生海外留学潮的兴起——以赴美留学生为中心

The Rising of Contemporary Chinese Students Studying Abroad:A Focus on US from Global Perspectives

新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放启动后,中国政府制定了日臻完善的留学生派遣政策,同时又与各国积极合作,为中国学生架起了留学海外的桥梁。随着中国经济的发展和国民生活水平的提高,自费留学生逐渐成为中国留学生的主流。各国争夺优秀生源的激烈竞争,为中国学生提供了良好契机。在学生与各国高校的双向选择中,彼此互为市场,各取所需,形成了中国学生留学国别的多元化格局。欧美发达国家旨在吸引人才的政策,导致包括中国在内的各国留学生学成后不归。在向移民转变的过程中,留学生必须通过各国移民政策与就业市场的双重过滤。这种发生于国家、市场和个人之间的多重互动,既是对国际学界唱衰国家主权学说的否定,也是诠释全球化进程的一个有效维度。

Since 1949 and especially after the open-door policy in the late 1970s,Chinese government set up systematic policies in cooperation with the US and other countries to bridge Chinese students studying abroad.The progress of Chinese economy and improvement in living standards enabled thousands of self-supported Chinese to become mainstreams of students studying abroad.Increasing international competition for talents has opened doors for Chinese applicants.In such two-way selection process between students and universities,each served as market resources for the other,which facilitated pluralistic geographic distribution of Chinese student around the world.However,immigration policies in the US and other countries contributed to the immigration of many students including Chinese.Their experience through filtering of labor market and immigration requirements illustrated complete interactions among state,market and students as individuals that not only negated those studies talking down national sovereignty but also offered a new dimension for understanding globalization.