社会转型中教育获得与超重的性别差异

Gender Differences between Education and Overweight in Social Transformation

超重或肥胖已经成为影响居民健康的重要公共卫生问题,从社会科学领域探索超重的形成机制将有利于实现对肥胖等慢性病的综合防控。基于男性统治理论来解释超重性别差异的内在机制,利用1989至2015年10期的中国健康与营养调查数据,结合年龄—时期—队列模型对社会转型过程中男女超重率状况进行纵向研究,重点考察社会转型背景下性别结构与教育获得对超重率的影响及其内在机理可以发现,改革开放四十多年来,受不平等的性别结构影响,在超重率持续上升的过程中出现了由女高男低到女低男高的超重率形势逆转,并且这一逆转趋势在时期与队列效应上均非常显著。转型过程中快速提升的受教育水平对男女的超重风险作用方向相反,对超重率的性别差异具有强化效应。此外,男性也是当前性别结构的受害者,临近出生队列中较低社会地位的男性群体将面临快速升高的超重风险。

Overweight or obesity has become an important public health problem affecting residents’health.Exploring the formation mechanism of overweight pattern from the social science field will help to achieve comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases such as obesity.Based on the theory of male dominance,this paper explains the internal mechanism of the gender difference in overweight.Using the data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2015,combined with the age-period-cohort model,this paper makes a longitudinal study of the overweight rate of men and women in the process of social transformation,focusing on the impact of gender structure and education access on overweight rate and its internal mechanism in the context of social transformation.The study found that in the past 40 years since reform and opening up,affected by the unequal gender structure,the trend of overweight rate has been reversed from high female and low male to low female and high male in overweight rate,and this reversal trend is very significant in both the period and the cohort effect.In the process of transformation,the rapidly rising education level has the opposite effect on the overweight risk of men and women,and has the strengthening effect on the gender difference of overweight rate.In addition,men are also the victims of this gender structure.Men with lower social status near the birth queue will face a risk of being overweight.