配方施肥对高肥力区凹叶厚朴生长及药用成分的影响

The Effect of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium Formula Fertilization on the Growth and Medicinal Component Content of Magnolia officinalis var.biloba in High Fertility Areas

[目的]为明晰高肥力区凹叶厚朴树体生长及树皮药用成分含量对氮、磷、钾配方施肥的响应,获得氮、磷、钾肥优化的施肥量。[方法]以凹叶厚朴5年生树为研究对象,采用氮、磷、钾“3414”施肥设计进行田间施肥试验,测定不同处理的树高和地径增长量及药用成分厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、总酚的含量,拟合建立树高增长量的肥料效应模型,采用频次分析方法获得优化施肥量。[结果]凹叶厚朴氮、磷、钾配方施肥处理的树高增长量、地径增长量、和厚朴酚、厚朴酚、总酚的含量的平均值比不施肥处理分别提高了84.56%、48.74%、3.40%、3.10%、3.21%。氮、磷、钾对树高和地径生长量的影响均是N>P>K,对树皮厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、总酚含量的影响均是K>N>P。氮、磷、钾对树高增长量的单因素效应为正,氮与磷、氮与钾、磷与钾的交互效应也都是正。[结论]高肥力区凹叶厚朴树高最大增长量的施肥量为氮肥128.63克/株、磷肥79.84克/株、钾肥54.63克/株,树高最大增长量为129.91 cm;最优施肥量为氮肥98.12~123.31克/株、磷肥60.23~74.78克/株、钾肥41.62~51.24克/株,预期树高平均增长量121.22 cm。

[Objective]In order to analyze the response of tree growth and bark content of medicinal components of Magnolia officinalis var.biloba to the formulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization in the high fertility area,as well as to determine optimal nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer application rates.[Method]Taking 5-year-old Magnolia officinalis var.biloba as the research object,field experiments were conducted using a nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium“3414”fertilization scheme to determine the height and diameter growth of trees in different treatments,as well as the content of medicinal components such as magnolol,honokiol,and total phenols.A fertilizer effect model for tree height growth was established by fitting,and the optimized fertilization amount was determined u sing frequency analysis method.[Result]The average values of tree height growth,ground diameter growth,and the content of honokiol,magnolol,and total phenols in the treatment fertilized with nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium formulations of Magnolia officinalis var.biloba were increased by 84.56%,48.74%,3.40%,3.10%,and 3.21%,respectively,compared to that of the no-fertilizer treatment.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on tree height and ground diameter growth were all N>P>K.The effects on bark magnolol,honokiol,and total phenolic content were all K>N>P.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on tree height growth were positive,and there was a positive interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus,nitrogen and potassium,and phosphorus and potassium.[Conclusion]The fertilizer application rate for maximum tree height growth of Magnolia officinalis var.biloba in the high fertility area was 128.63 g/plant of nitrogen fertilizer,79.84 g/plant of phosphorus fertilizer,and 54.63 g/plant of potassium fertilizer,and the maximum growth of tree height was 129.91 cm.The optimal fertilization amount was 98.12-123.31 g/plant for nitrogen fertilizer,60.23-74.78 g/plant for phosphorus fertilizer,and 41.62-51.24 g/plant for potassium fertilizer.The predicted average height increase for trees was 121.22 cm.