论瓦尔特·本雅明文学批评的传统面向——以《讲故事的人》为例

On the Traditional Tendency of Walter Benjamin's Literary Criticism:Taking The Storyteller as an example

在本雅明的文学批评体系中,尼古拉·列斯科夫与波德莱尔、卡夫卡等现代主义作家不同,是扎根于传统与古典的“讲故事的人”。本雅明喜爱列斯科夫,钟爱“故事”这一体裁的原因可从三个方面进行分析。从其生命历程中回顾,“故事”既承载了他流亡中对稳定性的渴求,也成为他追忆童年时光的一个支点。从其学术体系中追索,“故事”既寄托了本雅明在《机械复制时代的艺术作品》中对灵晕消逝未尽的哀思,也体现了他对传统精神中灵晕的消散所作的深入思考。从其晚期的学术关切中审视,本雅明选取“故事”这个看似和现代城市商品资本主义兴起相隔甚远的话题,从中提取出“经验”这一核心论题来进行其现代性批判。

In Walter Benjamin's critical system,Nikolai Leskov is a"storyteller"rooted in tradition and classics,unlike modernist writers such as Baudelaire and Kafka.The reasons why Benjamin loved Nicola Leskovand the genre"story"can be analyzed from three aspects.Looking back on his life,"story"both carries his thirst for stability in exile and serves as a fulcrum for him to reminisce about his childhood.Tracing from his academic system,"story"not only carries Benjamin's lament for the disappearance of the Aura in The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility,but also reflects his in-depth thinking on the dissipation of the Aura in the traditional spirit.Examining his late academic concerns,Benjamin selects"story",a topic that seems to be far removed from the rise of modern urban commodity capitalism,and extracts the core topic of"Erfahrung"for his critique of modernity.