应用环境DNA技术评估浦东机场生物群落多样性

An Assessment on the Diversity of Biotic Community at Pudong Airport by Using eDNA Technique

为验证在机场利用eDNA监测生物物种多样性的可能性,分别于2022年1月、3月、7月在浦东机场开展了3次eDNA监测。共监测到植被20科58属74种,其中主要优势种为禾本科和菊科,含常见植被物种12种;监测到昆虫14目40科67种,其中优势种为鞘翅目(34%)、双翅目(16%)、直翅目(15%)、鳞翅目(13%),其余科属占比较低,均不到5%。相比于传统生态监测方式,eDNA样本收集简便,受外界因素影响相对较小,对采样员分类鉴定专业能力要求较低,监测结果检出率远高于传统生态监测,且检出结果分类较细,物种丰富度高。但eDNA环境监测目前只能定性,不能定量,无法判断数量优势种。将eDNA技术用于机场及周边生态环境监测,具有采样效率高、监测全面、早期预警能力强等优点,可为降低鸟击事件、提升飞行安全提供科学依据。

To explore the feasibility of using environmental DNA(eDNA)for monitoring biodiversity at airports,three surveys were conducted at Pudong Airport of Shanghai individually in January,March and July of 2022.In those surveys,74 species across 58 genera in 20 families of vegetation were identified with Poaceae and Asteraceae being dominant families including 12 common plant species herein.Besides,67 species covering 40 families in 14 orders of insects were detected with Coleoptera(34%),Diptera(16%),Orthoptera(15%)and Lepidoptera(13%)as dominant orders whilst the rest ones accounting for all less than 5%each.Compared to conventional ecological monitoring modes,eDNA could off er several operational advantages such as simplifi ed sample collection,less aff ected by external factors,and not higher professional skills required for sample identification.eDNA monitoring also could bring out a far higher detection rate than conventional modes,and its fi ndings could give refi ned categorisation and higher richness of species.The environmental monitoring by eDNA is,however,only qualitative rather than quantitative up to now,and still unable to judge the abundance of dominant species.The eDNA technique initially applied to eco-environmental monitoring at airports and their surroundings has shown its strong applicability for specifi c ecosystems with the merits of enhanced sampling effi ciency,comprehensive monitoring and powerful early warning capabilities,so as to provide a scientifi c basis for lessening the risk of bird strike and improving the air safety.