农田土壤健康评价体系构建的若干思考

Re-thinking the Establishment of the Farmland Soil Health Assessment System

健康土壤是保障粮食安全、耕地产能提升和农业高质量发展的基础。目前土壤健康评价已成为全球土壤学领域研究的焦点和热点,国内外学者对于土壤健康评价方法及指标的选择进行了系统总结,然而缺乏具体评价过程中的实操性建议。本文重点剖析了土壤健康的特点与多功能性、评价的通用原则、指标选择的n+X模式及评价方法的选择与落地实现,提出了土壤健康差与基准值、基础指标和约束性指标的选择及指标选择的制宜性,明确了土壤健康指标体系建立需要考虑土壤质地、作物类型、土地利用方式、气候条件等因素,建议土壤健康技术和模式落地实现需要与相关政策结合。未来需要继续开展土壤健康驱动机制和健康土壤培育机理研究;基于长期定位试验和耕地质量长期监测网点,构建基于土壤质地、作物类型、土地利用、管理目标和评价尺度的指标体系和阈值、数据库和决策支持系统;结合相关政策和区域环境的约束性,形成跨区域、跨国家的共识、公约和行动,推动全球土壤健康行动落地和农业可持续发展。

Healthy soil is the foundation for food security,farmland productivity,and high-quality agricultural development.Currently,soil health assessment has globally become the focus and hotspot of the soil science discipline.The selection of soil health assessment methods and indicators has been systematically summarized.However,there is still a lack of practical suggestions for specific evaluation processes.This paper focuses on analyzing the characteristics of soil health and multifunctionality,the general principles of soil health evaluation,the n+X model for selecting indicators,and the selection and implementation of evaluation methods.We propose the soil health gap and benchmark,the selection of basic and restrictive indicators,as well as the adaptability of indicator selection.In addition,the establishment of a soil health indicator system needs to take into account factors such as soil texture,crop type,land use,and climate conditions.The implementation of soil health technology and paradigm needs to be integrated with relevant policies.In the future,it is necessary to further research the driving mechanisms of soil health and the cultivation of healthy soils.Based on long-term experiments and monitoring networks for farmland quality,the soil health indicator system,threshold,database,and decision support system were established depending on soil texture,crop type,land use,management objectives,and evaluation scales.Combined with relevant policies and regional environmental constraints,a consensus,convention,and action across regions and countries should be formed to promote the implementation of global soil health action and sustainable agricultural development.