高中生压力知觉与领悟社会支持、心理资本的关系:性别的调节作用

Study on the relationship between high school students'perception of stress and perceived social support,psychological capital:The moderating effect of gender

目的:探究高中生压力知觉、领悟社会支持、心理资本三者之间的关系,以及性别在其中的调节作用,寻找缓解高中生压力的有效对策,促进高中生健康成长。方法:使用中文版压力知觉量表、领悟社会支持量表、中国青少年心理资本量表对449名高一至高三学生进行问卷。结果:①高中生压力知觉、领悟社会支持、心理资本总分及各自的分维度之间均存在显著的两两相关;②心理资本在领悟社会支持和压力知觉之间起到部分中介的作用(β=-0.29,P<0.001),间接效应值为-0.25;③性别变量在领悟社会支持到心理资本的路径中起到调节作用(β=0.24,P<0.05)。结论:领悟社会支持可以直接影响压力知觉,也可以通过影响心理资本来间接影响压力知觉,提升高中生的领悟社会支持和心理资本水平可有效降低压力知觉水平;相比于高中男性,高中女性的领悟社会支持水平对其心理资本的促进作用更明显。

Objective:To explore the relationships among high school students'perception of stress,perceived social support,and psychological capital,as well as the moderating effect of gender,in order to find effective strategies to alleviate stress among high school students and promote their healthy development.Methods:A total of 449 high school students from grades 10 to 12 were surveyed using Chinese Perceived Stress Scale,Perceived Social Support Scaleand Psychological Capital Scale for Chinese Adolescents.Results:①There were significant correlations among the total scores and respective dimensions of high school students'perception of stress,perceived social support,and psychological capital.②Psychological capital played a partial mediating role between perceived social support and perception of stress(β=-0.29,P<0.001),with an indirect effect value of-0.25.③Gender had a moderating effect in the path from perceived social support to psychological capital(β=0.24,P<0.05).Conclusion:Perceived social support can directly influence perception of stress and can also indirectly influence it through its impact on psychological capital.Enhancing high school students'levels of perceived social support and psychological capital can effectively reduce their perception of stress.Compared to high school males,the promoting effect of perceived social support on psychological capital is more pronounced in high school females.