论“隐性东方中心化倾向”对中国形象的遮蔽——以国际马尔罗批评中的“强制汉化”为例

A Study on How the “Implicit Oriental-centralism” Obscures the Image of China:Taking the “Imposed Sinicization” in the International Malraux Criticism as an Example

国际马尔罗批评中存在一种“隐性东方中心化倾向”,其本质是“强制阐释”:其显意识是对抗西方优越论,无意识则是追求将中国树立为西方的对抗性价值中心,忽略中国自身的文化血肉和价值内涵。在一些“外国文学中的中国形象”研究领域,甚至出现从作家本人到国外评论者再到中国评论者的“串谋”,彼此心照不宣地为对方的“强制汉化”做铺垫、行矫饰。通过分析国际马尔罗批评中这一阐释路径的形成原因和运作机制可以发现,“强制汉化”对中国思想文化造成的其实是各种“异化”“蛀空”和“窄化”,重塑文明地位的迫切心理会使“强制意图”盖过“阐释对象”本身。这种对中国文化价值失之偏颇、粗糙的构建,往往会于无形中巩固西方对中国的刻板印象,强化文化偏见和情绪抵触。相比西方中心化对中国的“失焦”,这种“隐性东方中心化倾向”造成的“过度聚焦”是对中国具体身份信息的另一种遮蔽。

There is an“implicit Oriental-centralism”in international Malraux criticism,which is essentially“imposed interpretation”.Its conscious goal is to oppose the Western superiority,while its unconscious pursuit is to establish China as the“center of antagonistic values”of the West.Rather than giving detailed interpretation of specific connotations of Chinese thoughts and culture,critics with the tendency of implicit Oriental-centralism are always more eager to emphasize China’s ability to influence the Western worlds.To some extent,there exists such kind of“collusion”involved from foreign writers,to their native commentators,and to Chinese commentators.They help each other make theirs“imposed sinicization”credible and persuasive.We need to make efforts to change the situation of“defocus on China”of international theoretical discourse.The“over focus”caused by the“Oriental-centralism”will aggravate the misunderstanding of China,and of Chinese culture.